Effects of processing method and fiber size on the structure and properties of wood–plastic composites

Migneault, Sébastien; Koubaa, Ahmed; Erchiqui, Fouad; Chaala, Abdelkader; Englund, Karl; Wolcott, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.10.004

Cited by 218 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been projected that production of such composites may soon become an important sector in plastic industry, at a level of 18 % in a year in North America and 14 % a year in Europe [1,2]. The interest in these materials stems from interesting and specific properties of wood used as a filler of plastics [3][4][5][6]. Wood can be an alternative to the other commonly used fillers such as carbon fibres, glass fibres, silica, talk, and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Borysiak

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Results of the hitherto research work on alkalisation of lignocellulosic materials have been much divergent. In view of the above, the subject of this study is mercerization of cellulose from pine wood. This choice of the subject permitted observation of transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II with no participation of other components of lignocellulosic materials. According to X-ray results, during mercerization the isolated cellulose was easily (completely) transformed into cellulose II variety, while the pine wood was converted more slowly to cellulose II polymorphs. Therefore, it could be concluded that the presence of lignin and hemicelluloses in wood prevented the transformation from cellulose I to II. The main objective of this research was to establish the effect of cellulose varieties on the nucleation ability of different fillers by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscopy. The nucleating effect of the fillers occurs only in the presence of cellulose I variety. In contrast, the presence of cellulose II variety seems to practically eliminate the nucleating effect of the fillers. Moreover, nucleation of the mercerized wood (mixture of cellulose I and II) can be also observed, but this effect is not strong. It should be emphasised that as yet no correlation has been reported between the quantitative composition of cellulose polymorphic forms (appearing not only in wood, but in cellulose isolated from wood as well) and the nucleation ability of lignocellulosic fillers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Borysiak

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…In Fig. 10 however the composite is more homogeneous, where the filler particles are better attached to the HDPE matrix, indicating that the CA act positively on the interfacial adhesion of the polymeric matrix with reinforcement [15], which can be also indicated by the results of tensile strength of the compatibilized composite that presented best result. …”

Section: Morphology Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Processing of post-consumer HDPE reinforced with wood flour: Effect of functionaliation methodology

Catto¹,

Montagna²,

Rossini³

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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A way very interesting used in the reuse of waste cellulose derivatives such as wood flour is its incorporation into thermoplastics matrix. As the olefinic polymers have no interaction with cellulose derivatives, some chemical treatments have been used in the modification of vegetable fibers, to increase the interfacial adhesion between the cellulosic reinforcement and the polymeric matrix. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the methodology of the incorporation of compatibilizer agent (CA) in polyolefin matrix and evaluate the mechanical and morphological properties of composites. HDPE, wood flour from Eucalyptus grandis species (EU) and graftized polyethylene with maleic anhydride (CA) were used in composites, being extruded and after injection molding. The mixtures were processed in a single screw extruder (L/D: 22), with the temperature profile from 170° to 190°C. In a first step, the materials were processed together in the extruder, and after the samples were injected a temperature of 185°C and pressure of 600 bar. In a second step, the HDPE with the compatibilizer agent were first processed in the extruder in order to functionalize the polyolefin, and added after the wood flour (EU) sieved (30% w/w). Results showed that composites with CA had a higher mechanical performance compared to nocompatibilized. Also showed that composites compatibilized previously in the extruder with CA had better performance in comparison to other where the polymer matrix was not previously compatibilized.

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“…It is possible that an increase in tensile strength would be achieved at higher fiber contents. Assuming that both the fiber length and the interfacial adhesion were at a sufficient level, it is possible that a reinforcing effect would be achieved by further increasing the fiber content to 30 to 40 wt.% (Migneault et al 2009;Peltola et al 2014). Peltola et al (2014) reported a notable increase in tensile strength (77 MPa vs. 61.5 MPa for neat PLA) for 30 wt.% H2O2-bleached TMP with an average length of 0.43 mm.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Solala¹,

Koistinen²,

Siljander³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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a High-temperature thermomechanical pulps (HT-TMP, defibrated at 150 to 170 °C) were compared to a reference TMP (defibrated at 130 °C) as a reinforcement for polylactic acid (PLA). Composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding, gradually increasing the used fiber content from 0 to 20 wt.%. The injection-molded specimens were characterized by tensile and impact strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption tests, and differential scanning calorimetry. The TMP fiber damage was also characterized before and after melt compounding by optical analysis. At 20% fiber content, the Young's modulus increased significantly, while the tensile strength remained unchanged and the impact strength decreased slightly. All fibers suffered damage during melt compounding, but the tensile strength remained about the same as in pure PLA. All types of TMP were able to increase the PLA rate of crystallization. The HT-TMP fibers were dispersed more evenly in PLA than the 130 °C TMP. The 170 °C TMP produced composites of lower water absorption than the other two TMP types, probably because of its lower hemicellulose content and its higher surface coverage by lignin.

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Effects of processing method and fiber size on the structure and properties of wood–plastic composites

Cited by 218 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Processing of post-consumer HDPE reinforced with wood flour: Effect of functionaliation methodology

Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

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