Effects of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of a titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) fabricated using electron beam melting (EBM), Part 2: Energy input, orientation, and location

Hrabe, Nikolas; Quinn, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.02.065

Cited by 288 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…11b. The morphology is similar to that reported in the literature [17,25,50]. As the fracture surface is generally rough, it is difficult to establish whether or not fracture had initiated and propagated predominantly in regions of porosity.…”

Section: Anisotropy Of Slm Ti-6al-4v: Tensile Properties Of Samples Wsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Simonelli

Tse

Tuck

2014

Materials Science and Engineering: A

805

288

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originates from the AM process. To understand the effect of the microstructure on the tensile properties, selective laser melted (SLM) Ti-6Al-4V samples built in three different orientations were tensile tested. The investigated samples were near fully dense, in two distinct conditions, as-built and stress relieved respectively. It was found that the build orientation affects the tensile properties, and in particular the ductility of the samples. The mechanical anisotropy of the parts was discussed in relation to the crystallographic texture, phase composition and the predominant fracture mechanisms. Fractography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results indicate that the predominant fracture mechanism is 2 intergranular fracture along the grain boundaries present and thus provide and explanation for the typical fracture surface features observed in fracture AM Ti-6Al-4V.

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Section: Anisotropy Of Slm Ti-6al-4v: Tensile Properties Of Samples Wsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Simonelli

Tse

Tuck

2014

Materials Science and Engineering: A

805

288

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(i.e., 3D printing) has made it necessary to develop process-composition-microstructure and composition-microstructure-property relationships [1][2][3] for a variety of metallic alloys deposited using additive manufacturing techniques. This need, concurrently, has led to a number of research activities and publications on additive manufacturing, with common microstructural features observed, including (depending upon the processing parameters) large columnar grains, [4] compositional fluctuations, [3] unmelted particles or other anomalies, [5] zigzag grains, [6] and columnar-to-equiaxed transitions (CETs).…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compositional effects are considered, more recent work investigates the role of two thermodynamic parameters, the supercooling parameter P and the growth restriction factor Q, expressed as Eqs. [1] and [2]:…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even in an equilibrium system the parameters m and k are treated as constants independent of solute content C 0 (see Eq. [2]) and based upon an idealized system with straight transus boundaries. [28] Therefore, the implementation of these methods are an idealized approximation to additive manufacturing process, not dissimilar from an idealized approximation of casting.…”

Section: The High Level Of Interest In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Mendoza

Samimi

Brice

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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It is necessary to better understand the composition-processing-microstructure relationships that exist for materials produced by additive manufacturing. To this end, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSä), a type of additive manufacturing, was used to produce a compositionally graded titanium binary model alloy system (Ti-xW specimen (0 £ x £ 30 wt pct), so that relationships could be made between composition, processing, and the prior beta grain size. Importantly, the thermophysical properties of the Ti-xW, specifically its supercooling parameter (P) and growth restriction factor (Q), are such that grain refinement is expected and was observed. The systematic, combinatorial study of this binary system provides an opportunity to assess the mechanisms by which grain refinement occurs in Ti-based alloys in general, and for additive manufacturing in particular. The operating mechanisms that govern the relationship between composition and grain size are interpreted using a model originally developed for aluminum and magnesium alloys and subsequently applied for titanium alloys. The prior beta grain factor observed and the interpretations of their correlations indicate that tungsten is a good grain refiner and such models are valid to explain the grain-refinement process. By extension, other binary elements or higher order alloy systems with similar thermophysical properties should exhibit similar grain refinement.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, no related study has been published to correlate the microstructure and properties of big-sized parts fabricated using the EBM process. Researchers have only reported the microstructure and mechanical properties along building orientation by using small samples and/or parts [6,12,13]. One of the reasons could be attributed to the use of much more powder in the building of a large/high build part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Building Height on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Big-Sized Ti-6Al-4V Plate Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting

Wang

Nai

Sin

et al. 2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Electron beam melting (EBM) is a layer by layer additive manufacturing technology, which has the capability of producing near-net shaped parts with complex geometries. It is also suitable for handling high melting point and reactive metallic materials, such as Ti alloy, which is widely used in the aerospace and biomedical applications. The present study focused on the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of big-sized Ti-6Al-4V parts. A plate (6mm×180mm×372mm) was additively manufactured by EBM. The microstructure evolution and variation of mechanical properties were investigated by using the x-ray diffraction, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and tensile test. The results revealed that with an increasing in the build height, there was a variation in the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the build plate. Although only Į SKDVH DQG D UHODWLYHO\ VPDOO IUDFWLRQ RI ȕ SKDVH were detected in both the bottom and top specimens of the build plate, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased with an increase of build height. This was attributed to the increase of Į lath width which was caused by the different thermal histories along the build height of the plate.

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Effects of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of a titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) fabricated using electron beam melting (EBM), Part 2: Energy input, orientation, and location

Cited by 288 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Effect of the build orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture modes of SLM Ti–6Al–4V

Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys

Effect of Building Height on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Big-Sized Ti-6Al-4V Plate Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting

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