Effects of processing parameters on underfill defects in deep penetration laser welding of thick plates

Zhang, Mingjun; Tang, Kun; Zhang, Jian; Mao, Cong; Hu, Yongle; Chen, Genyu

doi:10.1007/s00170-018-1613-x

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…When evaluating the quality of welds with the naked eye, the presence of underfill is a very important factor. Figure 4 shows weld failures caused by underfill [21,22].…”

Section: Measurement Of Bead Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bead Geometry Prediction Model for 9% Nickel Laser Weldment, Part 1: Global Regression Model vs. Modified Regression Model

Kim

Pyo

et al. 2021

Processes

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Due to its excellent toughness and stiffness in cryogenic conditions, 9% nickel steel is applied to LNG storage facilities, and its usage is increasing as a result of changes in environmental regulations. A study was conducted on the development of a predictive model to optimize the laser welding process of 9% nickel steel, and two prediction models were developed using one hundred data points obtained through experiments. A global regression model used as a general prediction model and a modified regression model using the p-value of the analysis of variance were developed, and their prediction performance was compared. It was found that the modified regression model was superior to the global regression model in terms of predicting the bead shape, including parameters such as penetration depth, bead height, and area ratio.

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“…When evaluating the quality of welds with the naked eye, the presence of underfill is a very important factor. Figure 4 shows weld failures caused by underfill [21,22].…”

Section: Measurement Of Bead Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When evaluating the quality of welds with the naked eye, the presence of underfill is a very important factor. Figure 4 shows weld failures caused by underfill [21,22]. The area ratio of the weld zone is a predictor variable related to weld deformation.…”

Section: Measurement Of Bead Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bead Geometry Prediction Model for 9% Nickel Laser Weldment, Part 1: Global Regression Model vs. Modified Regression Model

Kim

Pyo

et al. 2021

Processes

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“…Efforts have been taken to address these issues and many papers have been published. For example, Zhang et al [31] used a 10-kW fiber laser to keyhole weld 12 mm-thick stainless steel plates autogenously and studied how to resolve the underfill issue. In another example, Matsumoto et al [32] investigated highpower fiber laser welding on 12 mm thick high-strength steel for effects of laser focusing properties on weldability.…”

Section: Process Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Welding Manufacturing: A Brief Analysis and Review of Challenges and Solutions

Zhang

Yang

Wei

et al. 2020

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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Welding is a major manufacturing process that joins two or more pieces of materials together through heating/mixing them followed by cooling/solidification. The goal of welding manufacturing is to join materials together to meet service requirements at lowest costs. Advanced welding manufacturing is to use scientific methods to realize this goal. This paper views advanced welding manufacturing as a three step approach: (1) pre-design that selects process and joint design based on available processes (properties, capabilities, and costs); (2) design that uses models to predict the result from a given set of welding parameters and minimizes a cost function for optimizing the welding parameters; (3) real-time sensing and control that overcome the deviations of welding conditions from their nominal ones used in optimizing the welding parameters by adjusting the welding parameters based on such real-time sensing and feedback control. The paper analyzes how these three steps depend on process properties/capabilities, process innovations, predictive models, numerical models for fluid dynamics, numerical models for structures, real-time sensing, and dynamic control. The paper also identifies the challenges in obtaining ideal solutions and reviews/analyzes the existing efforts toward better solutions. Special attention and analysis have been given to (1) gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) as benchmark processes for penetration and materials filling; (2) keyhole plasma arc welding (PAW), keyhole-tungsten inert gas (K-TIG), and keyhole laser welding as improved/capable penetrative processes; (3) friction stir welding (FSW) ......

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“…11 used four focus diameters to examine the effect of power density on 8-mm-thick stainless steel SUS304 in fiber laser welding, finding that high power density at high speeds exerts a marked effect, increasing the penetration. In two works 12,13 in which the effect of the focus position on the penetration was studied, it was determined that for certain ranges of negative focus position the penetration increases. In the welding of thin plates of high-strength steels, in several reviewed works, 14–17 a large variation of the welding parameters is observed, particularly in the power, focus diameter, and welding speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many works that seek to avoid specific defects and optimize the shape of the weld bead. In Zhang et al., 13 when concerning the effect of various processing parameters on the underfill in autogenous laser welding of thick steel plates, it was established that high speed tends to decrease the underfill and that the negative defocusing and the welding speed are the parameters that can be used to optimize the weld bead. Ion 21 characterized (fine and coarse) the porosity presenting the sources for its generation: base material, filler additions, surface contaminants, and process gases for the fine porosity and keyhole instability for the coarse porosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of the process parameters and mechanical properties of laser butt welds in thin high strength low alloy steel plates

Riofrío

Capela

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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High strength low alloy steels subjected to the thermomechanical control process present excellent strength–toughness combination, high strength/weight ratio, and weldability. Therefore, they are widely used in structural components, such as pressure vessels, oil/gas transportation pipes, lifting equipment, vehicles, shipbuilding and offshore industries, and in the automotive industry where low thickness (0.8–3 mm thickness) is of great importance. Usually, these steels are welded by conventional gas metal arc welding, which creates wide heat-affected zones, large residual stresses, and distortion in the welded parts. Laser welding is nowadays an alternative process to weld high strength low alloy steel parts due to its advantages. The aim of this work is to understand the effect of process parameters on defects, weld bead geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties, namely hardness and tensile strength. We identify the main laser welding parameters and their influence on the weld bead geometry and defects, for a 3 mm thick high strength low alloy steel welded under a maximum power of 2 kW. A cross section of the weld seam was optimized achieving a good geometry without porosity. The threshold value of the heat input to achieve complete penetration was determined for different focus diameters. The microstructure, size, and hardness of the heat-affected zone and of the fusion zone are strongly influenced by the heat input. The values of the tensile strength achieved in butt welds were close to the base metal by an appropriate selection of the laser welding parameters and the heat input.

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Effects of processing parameters on underfill defects in deep penetration laser welding of thick plates

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Bead Geometry Prediction Model for 9% Nickel Laser Weldment, Part 1: Global Regression Model vs. Modified Regression Model

Bead Geometry Prediction Model for 9% Nickel Laser Weldment, Part 1: Global Regression Model vs. Modified Regression Model

Advanced Welding Manufacturing: A Brief Analysis and Review of Challenges and Solutions

Interactions of the process parameters and mechanical properties of laser butt welds in thin high strength low alloy steel plates

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