Effects of profession on urinary PAH metabolite levels in the US population

Liu, Bian; Jia, Chunrong

doi:10.1007/s00420-015-1057-7

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our results showed significant racial disparities but generally insignificant economic disparities in soil heavy metal exposures. This finding agrees with past research that has determined, though minorities are overrepresented among lower SES groups, race and SES have independent effects on health outcomes [67,68]. Furthermore, many studies have found that significant health inequalities between black and white Americans remain when SES is controlled [65,69,70].…”

Section: Implications Of Environmental Racism In the Ussupporting

confidence: 91%

Racial Disparities in the Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Soil in the Southeastern United States

Jones

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Field monitoring data for addressing the disproportional burden of exposure to soil contamination in communities of minority and low socioeconomic status (SES) are sparse. This study aims to examine the association between soil heavy metal levels, SES, and racial composition. (2) Methods: A total of 423 soil samples were collected in the urban areas of eight cities across six Southern states in the U.S., in 2015. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) for eight heavy metals. The association was examined with mixed models with the log-transformed metal concentrations as the dependent variables and rankings of low-income or minority percentages as the explanatory variables. (3) Results: Model results showed that soil metal concentrations were significantly associated with rankings of poverty and minority percentages. The cadmium concentration significantly increased by 4.7% (p-value < 0.01), for every 10 percentiles of increase in poverty rank. For every 10 percentiles of increase in minority rank, the soil concentrations were significantly up (p-values < 0.01) for arsenic (13.5%), cadmium (5.5%), and lead (10.6%). Minority rank had significant direct effects on both arsenic and lead. (4) Conclusions: The findings confirmed elevated heavy metal contamination in urban soil in low-income and/or predominantly minority communities.

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Section: Implications Of Environmental Racism In the Ussupporting

confidence: 91%

Racial Disparities in the Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Soil in the Southeastern United States

Jones

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The final adjusted model of characteristics associated with presence of UC compared to those with no cytopenia included gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, occupational group [as defined by Liu and Jia ( 18 )], and average number of drinks per day (all adjusted p-value < 0.10). Those with UC were significantly less likely to be female (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):0.47, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.27–0.81), have BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 , compared to 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 (AOR:0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.78), and to be working in service jobs (AOR:0.43, 95% CI: 0.19–0.98) compared to office jobs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cytopenia in the General Population—A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis

et al. 2020

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BackgroundCytopenia, a reduced count of blood cells manifesting as anemia, neutropenia, and/or thrombocytopenia is frequently associated with other medical conditions. However, a cytopenia may not be accompanied by a known determinant and in some of these cases, may be a precursor to pre-malignancies or hematologic cancers. Little is known about the prevalence of these unexplained cytopenias and their distribution in the population.Materials and MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2002 was used to identify those with a cytopenia in the general population. Those without an identifiable determinant in the NHANES were classified as having unexplained cytopenia. Weighted frequencies were examined to assess the prevalence of unexplained cytopenia in the population. Distribution of blood counts comparing those with unexplained cytopenia to the general population was examined. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between unexplained cytopenia and demographic factors.ResultsOf the 7,962 people in the sample, 236 (2.0%) had any cytopenia and 86 (0.9%) had an unexplained cytopenia. Approximately 43% of all cytopenias were not accompanied by a clinical determinant. Unexplained cytopenia was more common in men (1.1%) than in women (0.7%) and in Non-Hispanic Black participants (3.4%). Among those with an unexplained cytopenia, the majority (74.8%) manifested as neutropenia. Compared to those with no cytopenia, those with unexplained cytopenia were significantly less likely to be female, have body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, and work in the service industry, and were significantly more likely to be non-Hispanic Black.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine the prevalence of unexplained cytopenia in a nationally representative sample and may serve as a baseline for comparison with other populations. Future research to identify risk factors for development of malignant hematological disorders among those with unexplained cytopenia is warranted.

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“…PM and PAH exposures may occur in occupational settings at levels 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than those in environmental settings [123]. Notably, heart disease mortality rates in occupational cohorts such as aluminum smelters are typically lower than those in the general population [124, 125], likely due to the “healthy worker effect” bias which has been suggested to be strong for diseases of the cardiovascular system [126].…”

Section: The Role Of Organic Chemicals and Pah In Mediating Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles

et al. 2019

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Air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor for disease and premature death, and exposure to combustion particles from vehicles is a major contributor. Human epidemiological studies combined with experimental studies strongly suggest that exposure to combustion particles may enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and myocardial infarction. In this review we hypothesize that adhered organic chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contribute to development or exacerbation of CVD from combustion particles exposure. We summarize present knowledge from existing human epidemiological and clinical studies as well as experimental studies in animals and relevant in vitro studies. The available evidence suggests that organic compounds attached to these particles are significant triggers of CVD. Furthermore, their effects seem to be mediated at least in part by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The mechanisms include AhR-induced changes in gene expression as well as formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive electrophilic metabolites. This is in accordance with a role of PAHs, as they seem to be the major chemical group on combustion particles, which bind AhR and/or is metabolically activated by CYP-enzymes. In some experimental models however, it seems as PAHs may induce an inflammatory atherosclerotic plaque phenotype irrespective of DNA- and/or AhR-ligand binding properties. Thus, various components and several signalling mechanisms/pathways are likely involved in CVD induced by combustion particles. We still need to expand our knowledge about the role of PAHs in CVD and in particular the relative importance of the different PAH species. This warrants further studies as enhanced knowledge on this issue may amend risk assessment of CVD caused by combustion particles and selection of efficient measures to reduce the health effects of particular matters (PM).

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Effects of profession on urinary PAH metabolite levels in the US population

Abstract: Heterogeneous distributions of urinary PAH metabolites among people with different job categories exist at the population level. The upward temporal trends in NAP and PYR warrant reduction in PAH exposure, especially among those with OFL and ECR occupations.

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Racial Disparities in the Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Soil in the Southeastern United States

Racial Disparities in the Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Soil in the Southeastern United States

Prevalence of Cytopenia in the General Population—A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis

Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles

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