Effects of prolonged oral administration of dicyandiamide to dairy heifers on excretion in urine and efficacy in soil

Welten, B.G.; Ledgard, S. F.; Schipper, Louis A.; Waller, J. E.; Kear, M. J.; Dexter, Moira

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.003

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Saarij€ arvi and Virkajrvi (2009) measured the wetted area by placing paper over a freshly deposited patch and measuring the area of the paper wet by the urine. Welten et al (2013b) visually identified the urine patch in the paddock using a chain to mark the edge of the wetted area.…”

Section: Urine Patch Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of the Urine Patch for Managing Nitrogen in Grazed Pasture Systems

Selbie

Buckthought

Shepherd

2015

Advances in Agronomy

290

169

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Section: Urine Patch Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of the Urine Patch for Managing Nitrogen in Grazed Pasture Systems

Selbie

Buckthought

Shepherd

2015

Advances in Agronomy

290

169

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“…Their study found that over 90 % of the DCD given to sheep in solution was excreted in their urine in an intact and unchanged form and was effective in inhibiting nitrification of the urine-N when deposited on soil. Another study, in which dairy heifers were orally administered DCD daily at three treatment levels (12, 24, and 36 g DCD heifer −1 day −1 ), found that the median concentrations of DCD in the resulting urine patches were 22, 36, and 59 kg DCD ha −1 for the 12-, 24-, and 36-g DCD treatment levels, respectively (Welten et al 2013b). This current lysimeter study has further confirmed that DCD in urine, excreted from cows that were provided DCD-amended feed, achieved similar reductions in N 2 O emissions to that from DCD mixed with urine at the same DCD rate (Table 2).…”

Section: Urine Application and N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To examine the effect of season, applications of the urine were carried out in May (autumn) and then repeated in July (winter) to match grazing events in the late autumn and winter periods. DCD loadings represented the likely range in the concentration of DCD in urine-affected soil (Welten et al 2013b) and in the stall-fed cow trial where an animal feeding study was being conducted.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Treatment Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proof-of-concept for this potential technology has been carried out, and a study by Ledgard et al (2008) has shown that over 90 % of the DCD ingested is excreted in urine and effectively inhibits nitrification of urine-N in soil. Concentrations of DCD in urine have been shown to vary by an order of magnitude between individual ruminants which have ingested DCD in feeds or water Welten et al 2013b). The different concentrations of DCD in urine led to various DCD loading rates onto the soil (Welten et al 2013b), most of which were more than the recommended rate of 10 kg DCD ha −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Concentrations of DCD in urine have been shown to vary by an order of magnitude between individual ruminants which have ingested DCD in feeds or water Welten et al 2013b). The different concentrations of DCD in urine led to various DCD loading rates onto the soil (Welten et al 2013b), most of which were more than the recommended rate of 10 kg DCD ha −1 . Few studies on the effectiveness of DCD for inhibiting urine N transformations in the soil and reducing N 2 O emissions or NO 3 − leaching at differing loading rates have been conducted (Di and Cameron 2006;Welten et al 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) delivery method, application rate, and season on pasture urine patch nitrous oxide emissions

et al. 2015

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Here, we report a study which was designed to examine the effect of a nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on N 2 O emissions from pasture urine patches. The aspects of DCD use that were studied were delivery method, application rate, and timing of dairy cow urine deposition. Dairy cow urine (700 kg N ha −1 ) was applied to pasture on a free draining Otorohanga silt loam soil in New Zealand in the autumn and winter of 2013 with DCD applied at different rates (0, 10, 30, and 60 kg ha −1 ). In the autumn, DCD was delivered to the soil either by mixing DCD with the urine collected from dairy cows or by using urine from cows that had ingested DCD while being kept in a stall. In the winter, only treatments with DCD mixed in urine were used. Total N 2 O emissions from urine applied in the autumn or the winter were 1.66 or 1.79 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 year −1 , respectively. This resulted in an annual emission factor (EF 3 , as a percentage of applied urine N lost as N 2 O-N) of 0.21 and 0.20 %, respectively. The EF 3 was reduced equally with either DCD delivery method with the reductions increasing with increasing DCD rate. This indicates that DCD in urine, excreted by cows that are provided DCD-amended feed, can effectively reduce N 2 O emissions and that a higher DCD rate will be more effective. Further work is required to ensure that DCD applied using this innovative technique is also effective using different feed and animal types under a range of environmental conditions.

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N2O emission factors for cattle urine: effect of patch characteristics and environmental drivers

Barczyk

Kuntu-Blankson

Calanca

et al. 2023

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Urine patches from grazing cattle are hotspots of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The default IPCC emission factor for urine patches (EFurine) is 0.77% for wet climates and 0.32% for dry climates. However, literature reports a considerable range of cattle urine EF values and urine characteristics used in experimental studies, revealing contrary results on the effects of urine patch characteristics and seasonal pattern. Therefore, we examined N2O emissions and corresponding EFurine values in relation to urine patch characteristics (urine N concentration, urine volume, patch area, urine composition) and environmental drivers (precipitation, water filled pore space, soil temperature). Ten artificial urine application experiments were performed from July 2020 to June 2022 on a pasture located in Eastern Switzerland. Urine N concentration, patch area, volume and urine N composition showed no significant effects on the EFurine value (p > 0.05). EFurine varied, however, strongly over time (0.17–2.05%). A large part of the variation could be predicted either by cumulative precipitation 20 days after urine application using a second order polynomial model (Adj. R2 = 0.60) or average WFPS 30 days after urine application using a linear model (Adj. R2 = 0.45). The derived precipitation model was used to simulate EFurine weekly over the last 20 years showing no significant differences between the seasons of a year. The resulting overall average EFurine was 0.67%. More field studies are needed across sites/regions differing in climate and soil properties to implement a country-specific EF3 for Switzerland and to improve the quantification of N2O emissions at the national scales.

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Effects of prolonged oral administration of dicyandiamide to dairy heifers on excretion in urine and efficacy in soil

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

The Challenge of the Urine Patch for Managing Nitrogen in Grazed Pasture Systems

The Challenge of the Urine Patch for Managing Nitrogen in Grazed Pasture Systems

Effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) delivery method, application rate, and season on pasture urine patch nitrous oxide emissions

N2O emission factors for cattle urine: effect of patch characteristics and environmental drivers

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