Effects of Prolonged Residence in the Antarctica upon Some Organic Constituents of Human Parotid Saliva

Hawkins, G. R.; Zipkin, I.

doi:10.3181/00379727-117-29727

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We note that exposure to cold disposes to oxidative damage (Siems et al 1994), and we considered that extreme cold was likely the most significant physiological stressor that the moose is exposed to in its natural environment and one to which it must have adapted. The oxidative damage occurring as a consequence of exposure to cold occurs as a side effect of increased thermogenesis (Venditti et al 2009) and is also associated with ischemia (Proctor 2008), but uric acid has antioxidative capacity (Álvarez-Lario and Macarrón-Vicente 2011) and there are indications of physiological increases in body uric acid levels in response to exposure to cold, including in humans (Hawkins and Zipkin 1964). Associations have been made between increased blood levels of uric acid and high altitudes in several species including cattle (Ramirez et al 1992) which were attributed at the time to hypoxia or diet, but those studies were not controlled for temperature, yet a significant and substantial contribution by cold at high altitudes has been demonstrated (Sinha et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moose, purine degradation, and environmental adaptation

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is accepted that allantoin is the end-product of purine degradation in mammals, except that uricase activity has been lost during the evolution of humans in which uric acid protects the brain from oxidative damage. However, we have found that the moose Alces americanus excretes extremely low urinary concentrations of allantoin and high concentrations of uric acid very similar to those of humans. Exposure to extreme cold is known to cause oxidative damage, and we suggest that the retention of uric acid by the moose represents an adaptation enabling the species to survive at high latitudes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moose, purine degradation, and environmental adaptation

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Salivary Bioscience in Military, Space, and Operational Research

Roma

Beckner

Mehta

et al. 2020

Salivary Bioscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental Temperature Effect on the Secretion Rate of "Resting" and Stimulated Human Mixed Saliva

Louridis

Demetriou

Bazopoulou-Kyrkanides

1970

J Dent Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The "resting," mixed saliva secretion rate increased during low temperatures and decreased during high temperatures occurring during the year.The effects of environmental temperature and of climate in general on the secretion rate of human saliva has not been studied adequately or by a sufficient number of investigators. -7 Smirnov and Skliarchik' have reported that the flow of parotid saliva decreased in men who had recently moved to a warmer climate. When these men became acclimatized, their parotid secretion increased but did not return to its original rate. Takaoka2 has found that the secretion rate of parotid, acid-stimulated saliva increased during spring but decreased somewhat during summer, late autumn, and winter. Demetriou3 has reported that there is a tendency toward a decrease in the secretion of human mixed saliva during summer.Shannon4 has reported that there is an interrelationship of heat, dehydration, and salivary flow rate depression in humans. He has concluded that the summer heat leads to a relative dehydration of the body, which in turn produces a lower secretion rate of the parotid gland. This conclusion has been based on measurements carried out in a large group of subjects that were sampled once. Hawkins and Zipkin5 have not found any difference in the secretion rate of paraffin-stimulated parotid saliva between two different climates, ie, in the secretion rate of people who had embarked on a prolonged residence in Antarctica. Sampling was done the summer before they left and also during their stay in Antarctica.

show abstract

Effects of Prolonged Residence in the Antarctica upon Some Organic Constituents of Human Parotid Saliva

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The moose, purine degradation, and environmental adaptation

The moose, purine degradation, and environmental adaptation

Salivary Bioscience in Military, Space, and Operational Research

Environmental Temperature Effect on the Secretion Rate of "Resting" and Stimulated Human Mixed Saliva

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About