Effects of Prolonged Whey Protein Supplementation and Resistance Training on Biomarkers of Vitamin B12 Status: A 1-Year Randomized Intervention in Healthy Older Adults (the CALM Study)

Abstract

<jats:p>We investigated the effect of long-term whey supplementation on biomarkers of B12 status in healthy older adults subjected to different schemes of supplements and exercise. The total study population examined at baseline consisted of 167 healthy older adults (age ≥ 65 year) who were randomized to 1-y intervention with two daily supplements of (1) whey protein (3.1 µg B12/day) (WHEY-ALL), (2) collagen (1.3 µg B12/day) (COLL), or (3) maltodextrin (0.3 µg B12/day) (CARB). WHEY-ALL was comprised of three groups, who performed heavy resistance training (HRTW), light resistance training (LITW), or no training (WHEY). Dietary intake was assessed through 3-d dietary records. For the longitudinal part of the study, we included only the participants (n = 110), who met the criteria of ≥ 50% compliance to the nutritional intervention and ≥ 66% and ≥ 75% compliance to the heavy and light training, respectively. Fasting blood samples collected at baseline and 12 months and non-fasting samples collected at 6 and 18 months were examined for methylmalonic acid, B12 and holotranscobalamin. At baseline, the study population (n = 167) had an overall adequate dietary B12 intake of median (range) 5.3 (0.7–65) µg/day and median B12 biomarker values within reference intervals. The whey intervention (WHEY-ALL) caused an increase in B12 (P &lt; 0.0001) and holotranscobalamin (P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, methylmalonic acid decreased in the LITW group (P = 0.04). No change in B12 biomarkers was observed during the intervention with collagen or carbohydrate, and the training schedules induced no changes. In conclusion, longer-term daily whey intake increased plasma B12 and holotranscobalamin in older individuals. No effect of intervention with collagen or carbohydrate or different training regimes was observed. Interestingly, the biomarkers of B12 status appeared to be affected by fasting vs. non-fasting conditions during sample collection.</jats:p>

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“…Linfoma difuso de células B grandes 366 (83) 109 (86) 42 (68) 215 (85) Linfoma folicular 77 (17) 18 ( 14) 20 (32) 39 (15) Tipo de prueba confirmatoria realizada Aspirado de médula ósea 5 ( de 3L fue RICE (25%), seguido por RDHAP (12.5%), REPOCH (12.5%) y GEMOX (12.5%).…”

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“…31 Otro estudio comparó los biomarcadores del estado de B 12 durante cuatro semanas de administración complementaria con cantidades equivalentes de B 12 en una población india con concentraciones bajas de vitamina B 12 , se administró en cápsulas de vitamina (CN-B 12 ), leche de vaca (HO-B 12 en la dieta) o leche de búfala (HO-B 12 en la dieta), obteniendo como resultado que ambas presentaciones son igualmente eficientes para mejorar los biomarcadores de la deficiencia de B 12 . 32,33…”

Vitamin B12 and transcobalamin in bovine milk: Genetic variation and genome-wide association with loci along the genome

“…Recently, we found that cow milk-derived TC-B 12 complex was more effective at stimulating receptor-mediated passage of B 12 across polarized monolayers of human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells than human TC-B 12 complex (Juul et al, 2019). Clinical studies have shown that 8 wk of daily intake of whey protein isolate improved biomarkers of B 12 status in elderly Australians with subclinical B 12 deficiency and, more recently, long-term daily whey powder intake was shown to reinforce B 12 status in healthy elderly Danes (Dhillon et al, 2017;Greibe et al, 2020). Furthermore, it has been reported that whey powder supplement provided over 4 wk was as efficient as synthetic B 12 vitamin pills in improving biomarkers of B 12 deficiency in lactovegetarians (Naik et al, 2019).…”