Effects of Propofol-Sevoflurane Anesthesia on the Maternal and Fetal Hemodynamics Blood Gases, and Uterine Activity in Pregnant Goats

Abstract

ABSTRACT. To determine the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on hemodynamics, acid-base balance and uterine activity in pregnant animals, a prospective experimental study was designed by use of ten pregnant goats. Propofol was intravenously administered at a bolus dose of 5 mg/kg and then infused a rate of 0.3 mg/kg/min for 5 min. Following the induction, the animals were incrementally inhaled 2.7 and 4.1% of end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane each for 30 min, and then recovered. The maternal and fetal heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP) and acid-base balance, the intrauterine pressure (IUP), and the uterine blood flow (UBF) were measured. Following the pre-anesthetic data, the parameters were measured 7 times throughout the anesthetic and recovering periods. The p ropofol infusion induced 1.37 times of HR increase and produced decrease in PO 2 and a relevant metabolic acidemia in the mother, with no effect in the fetus. Sevoflurane reduced BP in the fetus from 30 (2.7%) to 60 (4.1%) min of inhalation. The uterine contractions disappeared throughout sevoflurane inhalation, and then recurred within 15 min after the cessation of sevoflurane. Propofol injection increases HR, and induces a moderate hypoxemia and metabolic acidemia associated with the suppressed ventilation for pregnant goats, with less effect on the fetal hemodinamics. Sevoflurane causes minimal change in maternal hemodynamics, but induces significant hypotension in the fetus and reduction of uterine activity. These data may be useful in making anesthetic choices combined with analgesia for Caesarian section in goats.

Evaluation of sevoflurane and isoflurane as maintenance agent in buffaloes after glycopyrrolate-xylazine-butorphanol-propofol anaesthesia

“…Elcock and Sweeny (2002) also reported lower analgesia in human for knee artheroscopy maintained on sevoflurane after propofolfentanyl anesthesia than on isoflurane. However, the propofol-sevoflurane combination has also been used in cats (Selmi et al, 2005), dogs (Luis et al, 2009) and goats (Setoyama et al, 2003) but without any report of poor analgesia. Induction scores in both the groups were high as propofol is an ultrashort acting anaesthetic agent which has high serum protein binding (Dawidowicz et al, 2006).…”

Reproductive emergencies in camelids

“…This makes the drug ideal for induction of anesthesia for cesarean section or for surgical management of uterine torsion. Propofol decreased myometrial activity in the gravid ovine uterus in vivo [56] and in uterine muscle from gravid humans in vitro [57]. In vivo, there is no effect on placental perfusion.…”

“…Because propofol is primarily metabolized by the liver, it should be used with caution in females with hepatic lipidosis. Maintenance of general anesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane are ideal, because these inhalation anesthetics are rapidly eliminated [56]. The combination propofol/isoflurane has been used successfully by our group in emergency cesarean section in camelids; a similar combination was also very good for cesarean section in the bitch [60,61].…”

“…It is noteworthy that the effects of these anesthetics may be exacerbated by pre-existing conditions in the fetus (e.g. hypoxia) [56,58,59].…”

The Effect of Anesthesia Type During Delivery on Neonatal Otoacoustic Emission Hearing Test Results: A Tertiary Center Experience

“…In a pregnant animal experiment, Setoyama et al examined maternal-fetal blood gas measurements of propofol-sevoflurane anesthesia. It was shown that sevoflurane was associated with significant fetal hypotension, whereas propofol anesthesia increased the maternal heart rate and had minimal fetal hemodynamic effects [20]. It may be considered that the duration until the absorption of the existing amniotic fluid in the newborn can increase with hypotension and the effect of nitrous oxide on the middle ear in propofol anesthesia.…”