Effects of protease and phytase supplements on small intestinal microbiota and amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of protease origin and dosage on the prececal ( pc ) amino acid ( AA ) digestibility and the influence on composition of the microbial community in the small intestine. In addition, the effects of phytase supplementation were investigated. A total of 8 dietary treatments were included. The basal diet contained mainly corn and soybean meal. Three protease products were added to the basal diet, each at the level recommended by the supplier and at an 8-fold level. Phytase was supplemented in another dietary treatment. Each dietary treatment was allocated to 8 replicates of 15 birds each. The experimental diets were offered from day 15 to 21 for ad libitum consumption. The effect of protease supplementation on the pc AA digestibility depended on the protease product type and the amount supplemented. The pc AA digestibility was significantly increased by 1 protease product when supplemented at high level and when phytase was supplemented. In all the other treatments, protease supplementation had no significant influence or it decreased pc AA digestibility, when compared with the treatment with no enzymes added. In general, Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum among the ileal microbiota across all the treatments. Significant effects on microbiota composition were observed at the genus level for some but not all protease treatments and phytase supplementation. The genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus , and uncultured Clostridiaceae were responsible for these differences. Furthermore, microbial networks established for each diet showed either high or low number of intergeneric interactions, but without a consistent enzyme effect. We conclude that enzyme supplementation effects were evident in the terminal small intestine microbiota composition, and to a lesser extent, in pc AA digestibility. However, the changes in microbiota composition and pc AA digestibility could not be correlated, indicating absence of a causal relationship.

Influence of Different Time and Frequency of Multienzyme Application on the Efficiency of Broiler Chicken Rearing and Some Selected Metabolic Indicators

“…The increase in the growth of enzyme-supplemented groups was connected with increasing feed intake and digestibility of crude protein. These results are similar to the findings by [8,12,[31][32][33][34]. The effect of the enzyme cocktail was attributed to improved digestibility and increased protein and energy availability for growth [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

“…The high growth and better FCR of broilers on the intermittent use condition are tied to the increased digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and CF. Similar results concerning the positive impact of enzymes on nutrient digestibility were recently cited [6,8,13,31].…”

“…Besides, multienzymes were found to increase the use of energy in sorghum and maize-soybean meal-based diets due to enhancing cereal cell walls and starch digestion [3,10]. Enzyme application may improve beneficial intestinal microbiota favoring Lactobacillus [14,31] and reduce environmental pollution [6,15] due to increased digestibility of nutrients (protein, fat and fiber, and minerals), while decreasing nutrients available in the hindgut for growth of harmful microbiota and increasing animal productive performance [9,13,15]. However, multienzymes' influence depends on enzyme type and concentrations, diet profile, form [4,6,31,35], and stage of growth [11,15].…”

“…The total collection method of excreta was followed for 5 days in each application time during days 15-20, 25-30, and 32-36 of age, respectively. In each time (1-21), (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) and excreta and feed samples were constituted, and samples of each (25%) were collected, cleaned from feed residuals, scale and feathers, and then the DM, CP, EE, CF and ash of feeds and excreta were assayed according to [18] and expressed on dry matter basis. The NFE of feed and excreta was estimated by differences between the dry matter and sum of CP, EE, CF, and ash.…”

Effects of calcium level and source, acidification, and phytase on phytate degradation and the microbiota in the digestive tract of broiler chickens

“…The sequencing dataset was statistically analyzed as described by Borda-Molina et al [48] using the PRIMER software (PRIMER-E, version 7.0.9, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK) [49]. The dataset was rst standardized by the total, then comparisons between samples were made through a sample similarity matrix using the Bray-Curtis coe cient algorithm.…”