Effects of proteinate complex zinc on growth performance, hepatic and splenic trace elements concentrations, antioxidative function and immune functions in weaned piglets

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of proteinate complex zinc (PC-Zn) on growth performance, antioxidative function, trace element concentrations and immune function in weaned piglets.MethodsThree hundred newly weaned barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire), 28 days of age, were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups of 5 replicate pens per group for 4 weeks of feeding. Experimental diets were: i) zinc deficient diet (ZnD, 24 mg/kg Zn supplementation from ZnSO4), ii) inorganic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from Zn sulfate (ZnSO4), and iii) organic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from PC-Zn. The body weight of pigs were recorded at the beginning, at the middle and at the end of the experiment, and the amount of feed supplied each day was recorded. Five barrows from each dietary treatment group were selected to be anesthetized and euthanized at the end of the trial to determine the Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations, the hepatic metallothionein content, the levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), Mn, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the spleen, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocyte.ResultsThe accumulation of Zn in the spleen, levels of SOD, GSH-Px, IL-4, IL-10, the proportions of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte were increased by organic Zn supplementation compared to ZnD, while the levels of MDA, IFN-γ, and proportion of CD8+ T lymphocyte were lowered.ConclusionThese findings indicate that Zn can improve the antioxidant potential and immune functions of weaned piglets.

Complexed trace mineral supplementation alters antioxidant activities and expression in response to trailer stress in yearling horses in training

“…In the current study, SOD activity throughout the week 0 trailer stressor tended to be higher for INORG than CTM horses, whereas GPx activity was higher for CTM than INORG horses in both muscle groups at all sampling times. These results are in contrast to previously published literature in food animals showing an increase in SOD activity in various organs following complexed trace mineral supplementation 4 , 5 . A similar inverse relationship between SOD and GPx expression and activity has been shown in horses supplemented with dietary antioxidants 14 , 15 , which has been suggested to indicate a preference for use of the GPx over the SOD antioxidant system in horses with more favorable antioxidant or selenium (Se) status.…”

“…Dietary complexed trace mineral supplementation has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in food animal models 1 – 3 . Dietary proteinate complexed-Zn supplementation increased glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activities in the spleen of barrows 4 . Additionally, biocomplexed minerals Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu enhanced SOD and GPx activities in the liver of grower-finisher pigs 5 and decreased plasma malondialdehyde ( MDA ), a measure of oxidative stress, in broilers 1 .…”

Effects of dietary lipid-coated zinc on the antioxidant defense system in the small intestine and liver of piglets

“…As a matter of fact, Zn deficiency in rats gave rise to an increase in oxidative stress and DNA damage, and this was alleviated by a dietary supplemented Zn [ 30 ]. It has also been demonstrated that piglets fed the diet supplemented with organic Zn-chelate exhibited a greater deposition of Zn and levels of SOD, GPX, and metalothonemin compared with those fed the diet supplemented with inorganic ZnO [ 31 ]. Therefore, the beneficial effects of supplemental Zn on the extent of antioxidant capacity should be associated with its bioavailability to cope with reactive oxygen species.…”

Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability

“…Weaned pigs fed 500 ppm of nano ZnO had reduced serum malondialdehyde concentrations, increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity, and increased Nrf2 gene expression in the jejunum compared with those fed basal diets [ 31 ]. Compared with Zn-deficient pigs, pigs fed 120 ppm of Zn from Zn proteinate increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the spleen and liver [ 32 ]. Results from these studies show the importance of adequate Zn supplementation to support its role in antioxidant functions and alleviating cell damage induced by oxidative stress.…”