Effects of psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism in current mood: A statistical review of six studies

Williams, D.G.

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90045-s

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the multiple regression model, high neuroticism and low extraversion best explained depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for age, gender, education, and anxiety symptoms. These findings are in accord with previous studies in clinical [Kendell and DiScipio, 1968;Ulusahin and Ulug, 1997] and nonclinical settings [Hepburn and Eysenck, 1989;Saklofske et al, 1995;Williams, 1990], in patients and healthy controls [Farmer et al, 2002;Hirschfeld et al, 1983], and among the general population [Bienvenu et al, 2004]. Symptoms of anxiety, measured by the BAI, were also associated with both neuroticism and extraversion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The associations between depression and the dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism have been assessed in various studies in students [Clarke, 2004;Hepburn and Eysenck, 1989;McCleery and Goodwin, 2001;Saklofske et al, 1995;Williams, 1990], in family members of patients with depression [Duggan et al, 1995;Katz and McGuffin, 1987], in twins [Kendler et al, 1993b], in other nonclinical settings [Boyce et al, 1991;Christie and Venables, 1973;Farmer et al, 2002], and in clinical settings [Bech et al, 1986;Berlanga et al, 1999;Boyce and Parker, 1985;Coppen and Metcalfe, 1965;Cuijpers et al, 2005;Duggan et al, 1991;Garside et al, 1970;Julian et al, 1969;Kendell and DiScipio, 1968;Ranjith et al, 2005;Ulusahin and Ulug, 1997;Weissman et al, 1978] but rarely in the general population [Bienvenu et al, 2004;Cox et al, 2004]. In addition, researchers have investigated the dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism (with an abbreviated scale) in the general population in one study [Goodwin et al, 2002], and the dimension of neuroticism alone in twins [Fanous et al, 2002;Kendler et al, 1993aKendler et al, , 2002Kendler et al, , 2004Roberts and Kendler, 1999], in relatives of depressive patients [Sham et al, 2000], and in the general population [de Graaf et al, 2002;Henderson et al, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of neuroticism and extraversion to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population

2006

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Few studies have investigated the relationship of the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion to the symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population. A random general population sample (ages 20-70 years), from two Finnish cities was surveyed with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). In addition, questions regarding diagnosed lifetime mental disorders, health care use for psychiatric reasons in the past 12 months, and history of mental disorders in first-degree relatives were posed. Among the 441 subjects who participated, neuroticism correlated strongly with symptoms of depression (r(s)=.71, P<.001) and anxiety (r(s)=.69, P<.001), and somewhat with self-reported lifetime mental disorder (r(s)=.30, P<.001) and health care use for psychiatric reasons in the past 12 months (r(s)=.24, P<.001). Extraversion correlated negatively with symptoms of depression (r(s)=-.47, P<.001), anxiety (r(s)=-.36, P<.001), self-reported lifetime mental disorder (r(s)=-.17, P<.001), and health care use for psychiatric reasons in the past 12 months (r(s)=-.14, P=.004). In multiple regression models, even after adjusting for gender, age, and education, BDI scores were significantly associated with neuroticism, extraversion, and age, whereas BAI scores were associated only with neuroticism. Neuroticism is strongly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and intraversion is moderately associated with depressive symptoms in the urban general population. The relationship of these personality dimensions to both self-reported lifetime mental disorders and use of health services for psychiatric reasons strengthens the clinical validity of these personality dimensions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of neuroticism and extraversion to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population

2006

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“…Both also exhibit interindividual differences (i.e., some individuals are more variable and/or reactive than others) and have been linked to neuroticism (i.e., dispositional affective responsiveness; Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995;Eid & Diener, 1999;Eysenck, 1990;Williams, 1990). Given the latter commonality, those individuals with greater affective variability should also react more strongly when specific events occur.…”

Section: Age Differences In Emotional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life contexts make a difference: Emotional stability in younger and older adults.

Brose¹,

Scheibe²,

Schmiedek³

2013

Psychology and Aging

100

120

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Emotional stability, as indicated by low affect variability and low affective reactivity to daily events, for example, tends to increase across the adult life span. This study investigated a contextual explanation for such age differences, relating affect variability and affective reactivity to age-groupspecific life contexts. A sample of 101 younger and 103 older adults reported daily stressors and negative affect across 100 days. Compared with younger adults, older adults (a) experienced fewer stressors overall, (b) had less heterogeneous stressor profiles, and (c) reported that stressors had less impact on daily routines. As expected, these contextual factors were relevant for interindividual differences in emotional stability. Multiple regression analyses revealed that reduced affect variability and affective reactivity in older adults were associated with these age-group specific life contexts. Moreover, matching younger and older adults on the contextual factors to explore the effects of context on age-group differences further provided support for the (partially) contextual explanation of age differences in emotional stability. Matched subgroups of younger and older adults that were comparable on contextual variables were identified. Affective variability, but not affective reactivity, was more similar in the matched subsamples than in the total samples of younger and older adults. We conclude that contexts in which affective experiences emerge require more attention when aiming to explain interindividual and age group differences in emotional stability. Moreover, future studies need to disentangle the extent to which contexts interact with active self-regulatory processes to shape affective experiences across adulthood.

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“…Neuroticism a core component of many personality models can be defined as a propensity to negative emotional states and has been strongly associated with mood instability [5]. Underlying connections between neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism and mood instability are yet to be completely resolved [6] but mood instability does appear to be persistent over time [7] suggesting it is a stable temperamental style.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood instability, mental illness and suicidal ideas: results from a household survey

Marwaha

Parsons

Broome

2013

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose: There is weak and inconsistent evidence that mood instability (MI) is associated with depression, PTSD and suicidality although the basis of this is unclear. Our objectives were first to test whether there is an association between depression and PTSD, and MI and secondly whether MI exerts an independent effect on suicidal thinking over and above that explained by common mental disorders. Methods: We used data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (N=7131). Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between depression and PTSD, and MI, followed by regression modelling to examine associations between MI and depression, and with PTSD. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the independent effect of MI on suicidal thinking, after adjustment for demographic factors and the effects of common mental disorder diagnoses.Results: There are high rates of MI in depression and PTSD and the presence of MI increases the odds of depression by 10.66 (95% CI 7.51-15.13) and PTSD by 8.69 (95% CI 5.90-12.79) respectively, after adjusting for other factors. Mood instability independently explained suicidal thinking, multiplying the odds by nearly five (OR 4.82; 95% CI 3.39-6.85), and was individually by some way the most important single factor in explaining suicidal thoughts.Conclusions: MI is strongly associated with depression and PTSD. In people with common mental disorders MI is clinically significant as it acts as an additional factor exacerbating the risk of suicidal thinking. It is important to enquire about MI as part of clinical assessment and treatment studies are required.

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Effects of psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism in current mood: A statistical review of six studies

Cited by 68 publications

References 29 publications

The relationship of neuroticism and extraversion to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population

The relationship of neuroticism and extraversion to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population

Life contexts make a difference: Emotional stability in younger and older adults.

Mood instability, mental illness and suicidal ideas: results from a household survey

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