Effects of pulse consumption in women presenting components of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Choo

et al. 2016

162

105

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for developing several diseases, and although dietary pulses (nonoil seeds of legumes such as beans, lentils, chickpeas, and dry peas) are well positioned to aid in weight control, the effects of dietary pulses on weight loss are unclear. Objective: We summarized and quantified the effects of dietary pulse consumption on body weight, waist circumference, and body fat by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Design: We searched the databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library through 11 May 2015 for randomized controlled trials of $3 wk of duration that compared the effects of diets containing whole dietary pulses with those of comparator diets without a dietary pulse intervention. Study quality was assessed by means of the Heyland Methodologic Quality Score, and risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were pooled with the use of generic inverse-variance random-effects models. Results: Findings from 21 trials (n = 940 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed an overall significant weight reduction of 20.34 kg (95% CI: 20.63, 20.04 kg; P = 0.03) in diets containing dietary pulses (median intake of 132 g/d or w1 serving/d) compared with diets without a dietary pulse intervention over a median duration of 6 wk. Significant weight loss was observed in matched negative-energy-balance (weight loss) diets (P = 0.02) and in neutral-energy-balance (weightmaintaining) diets (P = 0.03), and there was low evidence of between-study heterogeneity. Findings from 6 included trials also suggested that dietary pulse consumption may reduce body fat percentage. Conclusions: The inclusion of dietary pulses in a diet may be a beneficial weight-loss strategy because it leads to a modest weight-loss effect even when diets are not intended to be calorically restricted. Future studies are needed to determine the effects of dietary pulses on long-term weight-loss sustainability. This protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01594567.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103:1213-23.

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary pulse consumption on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Kim

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Choo

et al. 2016

162

105

“…The 8 trials included 554 participants, of which 215 participants were overweight or obese, 21,23–25 121 were individuals living with diabetes, 12 119 had features of metabolic syndrome, 22 and 103 were without apparent disease at baseline. 19,26 The median age of participants was 49 years (range: 28–60 years).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Pulses on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials

Jayalath

American Journal of Hypertension

Sievenpiper

et al. 2013

146

102

BACKGROUNDCurrent guidelines recommend diet and lifestyle modifications for primary prevention and treatment of hypertension, but do not encourage dietary pulses specifically for lowering blood pressure (BP). To quantify the effect of dietary pulse interventions on BP and provide evidence for their inclusion in dietary guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials was conducted.METHODSMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were each searched from inception through 5 May 2013. Human trials ≥3 weeks that reported data for systolic, diastolic, and/or mean arterial BPs were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies. Effect estimates were pooled using random effects models, and reported as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (χ2 test) and quantified (I2).RESULTSEight isocaloric trials (n = 554 participants with and without hypertension) were included in the analysis. Dietary pulses, exchanged isocalorically for other foods, significantly lowered systolic (MD = −2.25 mm Hg (95% CI, −4.22 to −0.28), P = 0.03) and mean arterial BP (MD = −0.75 mm Hg (95% CI, −1.44 to −0.06), P = 0.03), and diastolic BP non-significantly (MD = −0.71 mm Hg (95% CI, −1.74 to 0.31), P = 0.17). Heterogeneity was significant for all outcomes.CONCLUSIONSDietary pulses significantly lowered BP in people with and without hypertension. Higher-quality large-scale trials are needed to support these findings.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT01594567

“…The pooled analyses sug- Anderson et al 22 Cobiac et al 24 Duane et al 7 Gravel et al 26 Hermsdorff et al 8 Jenkins et al 35 Marinangeli et al 38 Pittaway et al 28 Pittaway et al 29 Shams et al 30 Winham et al 31 Winham et al 20 (COM)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the one trial that investigated the effect of dietary pulse intake on apolipoprotein B, 26 there was no significant difference in effect between the intervention and control diets (mean difference 0.02 g/L, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.08 g/L).…”

Section: 29mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The effect between the intervention and the control diets did not differ significantly (mean difference −0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.00 mmol/L); however, inter-study heterogeneity was very high (I 2 = 98%). Sensitivity analy- Zhang et al 32 ses showed that the pooled effect size became significant when any of the 6 trials that favoured the effect of the control diet 6,8,22,23,26,38 was removed. The use of a correlation coefficient of 0.25 did not alter conclusions, but a correlation coefficient of 0.75 resulted in a significant reduction in non-HDL cholesterol favouring the dietary pulse intervention.…”

Section: 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Sievenpiper

et al. 2014

CMAJ

162

104

A bnormal blood concentrations of lipids are one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Although statins are effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, major health organizations have maintained that the initial and essential approach to the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease is to modify dietary and lifestyle patterns. 1−4Dietary non-oil-seed pulses (beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas) are foods that have received particular attention for their ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Consumption of dietary pulses was associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease in a large observational study 5 and with improvements in LDL cholesterol levels in small trials.6−8 Although most guidelines on the prevention of major chronic diseases encourage the consumption of dietary pulses as part of a healthy strategy, 2,3,9−13 none has included recommendations based on the direct benefits of lowering lipid concentrations or reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In all cases, the evidence on which recommendations have been based was assigned a low grade, 2,3,9−13 and dyslipidemia guidelines do not address dietary pulse intake directly. 1,4 To improve the evidence on which dietary guidelines are based, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction. The lipid targets were LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and nonhigh-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol. Background: Evidence from controlled trials encourages the intake of dietary pulses (beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas) as a method of improving dyslipidemia, but heart health guidelines have stopped short of ascribing specific benefits to this type of intervention or have graded the beneficial evidence as low. We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction.