Effects of purified anthocyanin supplementation on platelet chemokines in hypocholesterolemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundIt is becoming increasingly evident that platelet chemokines are involved in distinct aspects of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term supplementation with purified anthocyanins on platelet chemokines in hypercholesterolemic individuals and to identify correlations of decreased platelet chemokine levels with serum lipid and inflammatory marker levels.MethodsA total of 146 hypercholesterolemic individuals were recruited and treated with 320 mg of purified anthocyanins (n = 73) or a placebo (n = 73) daily for 24 weeks in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.ResultsAnthocyanin supplementation for 24 weeks significantly decreased the plasma CXCL7 (–12.32% vs. 4.22%, P = 0.001), CXCL5 (–9.95% vs. 1.93%, P = 0.011), CXCL8 (–6.07% vs. 0.66%, P = 0.004), CXCL12 (–8.11% vs. 5.43%, P = 0.023) and CCL2 levels (–11.63% vs. 12.84%, P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Interestingly, the decreases in the CXCL7 and CCL2 levels were both positively correlated with the decreases in the serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels after anthocyanin supplementation for 24 weeks. The decrease in the CXCL8 level was negatively correlated with the increase in the how-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level and was positively correlated with the decrease in the soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) level in the anthocyanin group. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the decreases in the CXCL12 and tumornecrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels after anthocyanin supplementation. However, the plasma CXCL4L1, CXCL1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and human plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels did not significantly change following anthocyanin supplementation.ConclusionsThe present study supports the notion that platelet chemokines are promising targets of anthocyanins in the prevention of atherosclerosis.Trial registration ChiCTR-TRC-08000240. Registered: 10 December 2008.

Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…The improvement in lipid profile sems to be correlated with the decrease observed in the serum levels of CRP, VCAM-1 and IL-1β in hypercholesterolemic subjects supplemented with an anthocyanin mixture to for 24 weeks [ 217 ]. Moreover, in hypercholesterolemic individuals, the decrease in LDL-C, hsCRP and IL-1β levels are correlated with the decrease in plasma levels of the platelet chemokines [ 218 ]. These pro-inflammatory molecules released by activated platelets mediate the pro-atherogenic effects that promote recruitment, activation or differentiation of other cell types including endothelial cells and leukocytes [ 219 ].…”

“…In addition, short-term (2 weeks) supplementation with cranberry juice in a group of young, healthy volunteers did not influence several biomarkers of blood lipid profile (TC, HDL and LDL) [ 224 ]. On other hand, there are many reports that suggest that anthocyanins decrease both LDL cholesterol [ 203 , 217 , 218 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 ] and TG [ 229 , 230 , 231 ] and increase HDL cholesterol [ 217 , 225 , 226 , 229 , 230 , 232 , 233 ]. Furthermore, when hypercholesterolemic subjects received 160 mg of anthocyanins twice daily or placebo ( n = 61 of each group) for 24 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, anthocyanin supplementation also increased the activity of HDL-PON1 and cholesterol efflux capacity (20.0% increase) compared with the placebo group.…”

Coenzyme Q10 Upregulates Platelet cAMP/PKA Pathway and Attenuates Integrin αIIbβ3 Signaling and Thrombus Growth

“…Interestingly, increasing attention has been directed toward diet or dietary composition intervention. Diet is one of the key approaches to prevent atherothrombosis and protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) without significant side effects …”

Effects of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites on adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet activation and their aggregation with monocytes and neutrophils

“…However, these cardiovascular benefits may be, at least partly, attributed to the effect of anthocyanins on platelet function. Several dietary intervention studies with anthocyanin-rich foods or extracts support this hypothesis by reporting reduced platelet granule secretion [17,18] or ex vivo agonist-induced platelet activation and aggregation [19][20][21][22][23][24] in healthy volunteers or subjects at increased CVD risk. Furthermore, decreased platelet hyperactivity was observed in a few animal studies with mice fed a high-fat diet enriched with anthocyaninbased extracts or pure compounds [25,26].…”