Effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids through different trophic levels

Trigo, José Roberto

doi:10.1007/s11101-010-9191-z

Cited by 93 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(137 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…2). Male ithomiines are thought to acquire their chemical defences, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, at the adult stage, from decaying flowers or stems of Apocynaceae, Boraginaceae and Asteraceae [17]. Pyrrolizidine 00008-p. 3 alkaloids are then transferred to females during copulation, as a nuptial gift.…”

Section: Müllerian Mimicry In Butterflies: the Neotropical Genus Helimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimicry inHeliconiusand Ithomiini butterflies: The profound consequences of an adaptation

Élias

Joron

2015

BIO Web of Conferences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Prey populations have evolved multiple strategies to escape predation.Camouflage is a strategy resting on avoiding detection by potential predators, whereas aposematism relies on advertising chemical defences with conspicuous warning signals. While camouflaged phenotypes are subject to negative frequency-dependent selection, aposematic preys are under positive frequency-dependence, where the efficiency of a signal increases with its own local abundance. Because of his "strength-in-number" effect, multiple chemically-defended species exposed to the same suite of predators gain a selective advantage from converging on the same warning signals. Convergence in warning signals is called Müllerian mimicry. Here, we review the results of recent genetic and ecological research on two well-studied groups of neotropical Müllerian mimetic butterflies, the genus Heliconius and the tribe Ithomiini, which advertise their unpalatability through conspicuous wing colour patterns. Mimicry represents a major adaptation in these groups, where the effects of selection extend well beyond mere phenotypic resemblance. Selection acts on other traits used as mating cues, on the genetic architecture of colour pattern and even on the ecological niche of species. The origin of mimicry itself and the coexistence of multiple mimicry patterns are well understood, but the ultimate drivers of mimicry diversity remain unclear.

show abstract

Section: Müllerian Mimicry In Butterflies: the Neotropical Genus Helimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimicry inHeliconiusand Ithomiini butterflies: The profound consequences of an adaptation

Élias

Joron

2015

BIO Web of Conferences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,2 However, specialized herbivores, such as arctiine moths, danaine and ithomiine butterflies and chrysomeline beetles, among others, are able to cope with pro-toxic free-base PAs from these plants, converting them into non-toxic N-oxides. 3,4 These insects sequester PA N-oxides, incorporating them into their tissues, and this renders chemical protection against predators and parasitoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 These insects sequester PA N-oxides, incorporating them into their tissues, and this renders chemical protection against predators and parasitoids. 1,5 Arctiine moths and danaine and ithomiine butterflies also use PAs as precursors of male sexual pheromones, such as the dihydropyrrolizine hydroxydanaidal. [6][7][8] PAs were also recorded in the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus, the aphid Aphis jacobaeae, the bug Largus rufipennis, and the coccide Ceroplastes albolineatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] PAs were also recorded in the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus, the aphid Aphis jacobaeae, the bug Largus rufipennis, and the coccide Ceroplastes albolineatus. 1 PA-containing insects are generally aposematic, i.e., their unpalatability is associated with warning signals alerting predators of this trait; warning signals can be visual, sonorous, or odorant. 9 Among arctiine moths, 10 PAs were found in the tribes Amerilini and Arctiini (subtribes Callimorphina, Arctiina, Pericopina, Ctenuchina, Euchromiina, and Phaegopterina), but not in Lithosiini and Syntomini.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Pericopine MothScearctia figulina(Erebidae: Arctiinae): Metabolism and Chemical Defense

Martins

Trigo

2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are defensive compounds present in several plant families. However, some specialist herbivore insects have overcome these toxic compounds and sequester PAs converted to N-oxide as a defense against predators and a precursor of male sexual pheromones. In this context, we investigated PA sequestration by the specialist pericopine moth Scearctia figulina (Erebidae: Arctiinae), which feeds on leaves of Heliotropium transalpinum (Boraginaceae) as larvae. Additionally, we examined the role of PAs against different predators. The PAs sequestered from the host plant were metabolized by larvae and transferred to adults via two main pathways: (i) rinderine and its acetyl derivative (7S,3'R) were epimerized to intermedine (7R,3'R) and lycopsamine (7R,3'S), and (ii) insect PAs were biosynthesized from necine bases obtained from plant-acquired PAs, with necic acids of insect origin. Both metabolic products may be related to the biosynthesis of 7R male pheromone and to chemical defense. Larvae and adults were chemically protected against the spiders Nephila clavipes and Lycosa erythrognatha and the chick Gallus gallus, and this defense may be associated to PAs. Keywords: callimorphine, Heliotropium transalpinum, insect PAs, lycopsamine, predation IntroductionPyrrolizidine alkaloids, particularly 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidines (hereafter PAs), are powerful defensive compounds in several plant taxa, such as Eupatorieae and Senecioneae (Asteraceae), Boraginaceae, and Crotalarieae (Leguminosae).1,2 However, specialized herbivores, such as arctiine moths, danaine and ithomiine butterflies and chrysomeline beetles, among others, are able to cope with pro-toxic free-base PAs from these plants, converting them into non-toxic N-oxides.3,4 These insects sequester PA N-oxides, incorporating them into their tissues, and this renders chemical protection against predators and parasitoids.1,5 Arctiine moths and danaine and ithomiine butterflies also use PAs as precursors of male sexual pheromones, such as the dihydropyrrolizine hydroxydanaidal.6-8 PAs were also recorded in the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus, the aphid Aphis jacobaeae, the bug Largus rufipennis, and the coccide Ceroplastes albolineatus.1 PA-containing insects are generally aposematic, i.e., their unpalatability is associated with warning signals alerting predators of this trait; warning signals can be visual, sonorous, or odorant. 9Among arctiine moths, 10 PAs were found in the tribes Amerilini and Arctiini (subtribes Callimorphina, Arctiina, Pericopina, Ctenuchina, Euchromiina, and Phaegopterina), but not in Lithosiini and Syntomini. 11 Three PA acquisition strategies were found in these moths: (i) PA-obtained as adults, (ii) PA-specialist feeding as larvae, and (iii) PA-generalist feeding as larvae.11 In the first syndrome, adults either feeding on nectar containing PAs or display a pharmacophagous behavior, or obtaining the alkaloid visiting withered PA-containing plants. 2,12,13 This syndrome was widely found in Ctenuchina, Euchromiina, an...

show abstract

“…They can utilize PAs from host plants for their own benefits such as for a cue of food and oviposition (Loon et al, 1992;Macel & Vrieling 2003;Bernays et al, 2004;Cheng 2012). Specialist herbivores, such as Tyria jacobaeae (Naumann et al, 2002), even sequestered and metabolizes PAs from host plants for their own defense, sexual pheromones (Trigo 2011). High tertiary amines PA of jacobine -like PAs concentration and some otosenine -like PAs could simulate T. jacobaeae to produce more eggs and egg batches on plants (Cheng 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

Cheng

Nguyen

Ndihokubwayo

2016

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a typical kind of secondary metabolites in plants, have important roles on defense against herbivores and pathogens; however, specialist herbivores adapted to PAs can use them as cues for oviposition and feeding. Thus, in the native ranges, PA diversity and concentration in plants were selected by the balance between pressure from generalist and specialist herbivores. In introduced ranges, where the specialist herbivores are absent, the introduced plants could increase concentration and diversity of PAs. This predication is deduced from the Shift Defense Hypothesis (SDH). In this research, we investigated whether there were any differences between native and invasive Senecio vulgaris plants (from Europe and China, respectively) with regards to the PA composition and concentration. We grew the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants in an identical condition and harvested them when they started to bloom. Their roots and shoots were separately harvested and dried. PA composition and concentration from powder of the shoots and roots were detected by using liquid chromatography -tanderm mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 14 PAs which belongs to the structural group senecionine -like PAs. Most of them occurred in both the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants, except the usaramine N -oxide that was only found in the native ones. From the 14 PAs identified, only riddelliine N -oxide had significantly higher present frequency in the invasive plants than in the native plants. The invasive S. vulgaris plants had significantly lower concentration of 3 individual PAs (seneciphylline N -oxide, spartioidine and spartioidine N -oxide) than the native ones. These results demonstrated that PA diversity and concentration of some individual PAs tended to reduce in the invasive range of S. vulgaris. This is contrary to the predictions of the SDH that the invasive plants would produce more qualitative defense than the native ones, and it is probably an evidence that a little trade -off between defense and growth happened to the S. vulgaris in China.

show abstract

Effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids through different trophic levels

Cited by 93 publications

References 109 publications

Mimicry inHeliconiusand Ithomiini butterflies: The profound consequences of an adaptation

Mimicry inHeliconiusand Ithomiini butterflies: The profound consequences of an adaptation

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Pericopine MothScearctia figulina(Erebidae: Arctiinae): Metabolism and Chemical Defense

Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About