Effects of Qatar light crude oil on adult saltmarsh crab<i>Sesarma catenata</i>and implications in the field: respiration, oxygen diffusion and hypoxia

Malan, D. E.

doi:10.2989/025776186784461648

Cited by 8 publications

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“…This may result in hypoxemia or compromised ability to physiologically compensate for low-oxygen (hypoxia). Furthermore, surface oil slicks may impair gas exchange at the air-water interface, thereby decreasing oxygenation of underlying waters (e.g., Malan 1986) and compounding potential challenges to the regulation of dissolved oxygen in resident animals.…”

Section: Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Oil-Spill Pollutants and Natural Stressors Can Compound Ecotoxicological Effects

Whitehead

2013

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Coastal estuaries are among the most biologically productive habitats on earth, yet are at risk from human activities including marine oil spills. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill contaminated hundreds of kilometers of coastal habitat, particularly in Louisiana's delta. Coastal estuaries are naturally dynamic habitats where periodic and stochastic fluctuations, for example in temperature, salinity, nutrients, and hypoxia, are common. Such environmental variability regularly imposes suboptimal conditions for which resident species must continually compensate by drawing on diverse physiological abilities. However, exposures to oil, in addition to their direct toxic effects, may interfere with functions that normally enable physiological compensation for suboptimal conditions. This review summarizes the panoply of naturally-encountered stressors that may interact with oil, including salinity, hypoxia, pathogens, and competition, and the mechanisms that may underlie these interactions. Combined effects of these stressors can amplify the costs of oil-exposures to organisms in the real world, and contribute to impacts on fitness, populations, and communities, that may not have been predicted from direct toxicity of hydrocarbons alone. These interactions pose challenges for accurate and realistic assessment of risks and of actual damage. To meet these challenges, environmental scientists and managers must capitalize on the latest understanding of the complexities of chemical effects of natural stressors on organisms, and adopt integrative and holistic measures of effect from the molecular to whole-animal levels, in order to anticipate, characterize, diagnose, and solve, ecotoxicological problems.

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Section: Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Oil-Spill Pollutants and Natural Stressors Can Compound Ecotoxicological Effects

Whitehead

2013

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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“…Portex tubes were inserted into the test tubes for water removal, after which a IO-mm surface layer of oil was added. After 8,75 h, the time before the burrows are inundated under field conditions (Malan 1986), the total petroleum hydrocarbon content of the water was determined.…”

Section: Adult Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aerated solution did not affect the crabs and, although it is possible that the volatile hydrocarbons could have evaporated quicker in this case, it is believed that the stress in the nonaera~ed solution was mainly due to lack of oxygen, the oxygen content of the water in these containers being 25-35 per cent oxygen saturation at the end of the experiment. This drop in oxygen content can be explained by the fact that even thin layers of Qatar Light crude oil drastically reduce diffusion of oxygen from the atmosphere into the underlying seawater (Malan 1986).…”

Section: Evaporation Ofthe Oil and Its Wsf And Estimation Of Oil Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of this investigation, it was decided to study the saltmarsh crab Sesarma catenata Ortmann, which forms an important component of the Swartkops (33 0 52'S, 25 0 38'E) estuarine ecosystem (Baird 1978, Els 1982, and which is likely to be polluted in the event of crude oil entering the mouth of the estuary. More details about this crab can be found in Hecht (1973) and Malan (1986). The specific objectives of the study were:…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effects of Qatar Light crude oil on the saltmarsh crabSesarma caienataand its implications in the field: toxicity to adults and larvae

Malan¹

1988

South African Journal of Marine Science

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“…Oxygen permeability was determined for 20 m1 plastic ilnd glass syringes. Pure nitrogen was bubbled through filtered sea water (0.2 pm Nucleopore) to lower the oxygen content (Malan 1986) to ca 25 mm Hg. Triplicate sets of syringes were incubated in air-equ~librated sea water (20 "C, 35 %) and oxygen content monitored over a 36 h period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ benthic oxygen fluxes in a near-shore coastal marine system: a new approach to quantify the effect of wave action

Malan¹,

McLachlan²

1991

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A simple benthic chamber, with a flexible membrane to allow for wave-induced interstitial water flow, is described. The membrane has a low permeability to oxygen, compared to other materials previously employed in chamber studies. Polyethylene and latex rubber (condoms) are highly permeable to oxygen and clearly unsuitable for oxygen-related studies. Glass syringes tested for oxygen permeability were far superior to plastic syringes, the latter being completely inappropriate even in short-term studies. A study at Kings Beach. South Africa, using chambers with flexible membranes showed that oxygen consumption was significantly higher in chambers with flexible tops ( p <0.005) than in chambers with solid tops. The difference in the respective fluxes [18.5 2 2 7 (95 CI) compared to 10.7 f 4.6 m1 O2 m-2 h-'] was positively correlated with the effect of wave action at this medium energy exposed beach. Use of chambers with solid tops could result in underestimates in oxygen consumption of >50% at the study site. It is concluded that wave action, with its resultant interstitial water flow, can significantly affect the oxygen consun~ption of shallow water sediments.

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Effects of Qatar light crude oil on adult saltmarsh crabSesarma catenataand implications in the field: respiration, oxygen diffusion and hypoxia

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions between Oil-Spill Pollutants and Natural Stressors Can Compound Ecotoxicological Effects

Interactions between Oil-Spill Pollutants and Natural Stressors Can Compound Ecotoxicological Effects

The effects of Qatar Light crude oil on the saltmarsh crabSesarma caienataand its implications in the field: toxicity to adults and larvae

In situ benthic oxygen fluxes in a near-shore coastal marine system: a new approach to quantify the effect of wave action

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