Effects of quantum entropy on bag constant

Diab

2014

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

Self Cite

233

284

We review highlights from string theory, black hole physics and doubly special relativity and some "thought" experiments which were suggested to probe the shortest distance and/or the maximum momentum at the Planck scale. The models which are designed to implement the minimal length scale and/or the maximum momentum in different physical systems are analysed entered the literature as the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). We compare between them. The existence of a minimal length and a maximum momentum accuracy is preferred by various physical observations. Furthermore, assuming modified dispersion relation allows for a wide range of applications in estimating, for example, the inflationary parameters, Lorentz invariance violation, black hole thermodynamics, Saleker-Wigner inequalities, entropic nature of the gravitational laws, Friedmann equations, minimal time measurement and thermodynamics of the high-energy collisions. One of the higher-order GUP approaches gives predictions for the minimal length uncertainty. Another one predicts a maximum momentum and a minimal length uncertainty, simultaneously. An extensive comparison between the different GUP approaches is summarized. We also discuss the GUP impacts on the equivalence principles including the universality of the gravitational redshift and the free fall and law of reciprocal action and on the kinetic energy of composite system. The concern about the compatibility with the equivalence principles, the universality of gravitational redshift and the free fall and law of reciprocal action should be addressed. We conclude that the value of the GUP parameters remain a puzzle to be verified.

Section: Consequences On Physics Of Early Universementioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized uncertainty principle: Approaches and applications

Diab

2014

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

Self Cite

233

284

“…In this limit, thermal entropy density s is expected to vanish, since it becomes proportional to T . The quantum entropy [334][335][336][337][338][339] is entirely disregarded in these calculations.…”

Section: Magas and Satz: Percolation Theory In Heavy-ion Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The situation at very large chemical potentials is not clear. One might need to take into account other effects, such as quantum effects at low temperatures [334][335][336][337][338][339], which might be able to describe the change in the correlations from confined hadrons to coupled quark-pairs.…”

Section: Confinement-deconfinement Phase Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium statistical–thermal models in high-energy physics

2014

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

211

We review some recent highlights from the applications of statistical-thermal models to different experimental measurements and lattice QCD thermodynamics, that have been made during the last decade. We start with a short review of the historical milestones on the path of constructing statistical-thermal models for heavy-ion physics. We discovered that Heinz Koppe formulated in 1948 an almost complete recipe for the statistical-thermal models. In 1950, Enrico Fermi generalized this statistical approach, in which he started with a general cross-section formula and inserted into it simplifying assumptions about the matrix element of the interaction process that likely reflects many features of the high-energy reactions dominated by density in the phase space of final states. In 1964, Hagedorn systematically analysed the high-energy phenomena using all tools of statistical physics and introduced the concept of limiting temperature based on the statistical bootstrap model. It turns to be quite often that many-particle systems can be studied with the help of statistical-thermal methods. The analysis of yield multiplicities in high-energy collisions gives an overwhelming evidence for the chemical equilibrium in the final state. The strange particles might be an exception, as they are suppressed at lower beam energies. However, their relative yields fulfil statistical equilibrium, as well. We review the equilibrium statistical-thermal models for particle production, fluctuations and collective flow in heavy-ion experiments. We also review their reproduction of the lattice QCD thermodynamics at vanishing and finite chemical potential. During the last decade, five conditions have been suggested to describe the universal behavior of the chemical freeze out parameters. The higher order moments of multiplicity have been discussed. They offer deep insights about particle production and to critical fluctuations. Therefore, we use them to describe the freeze out parameters and suggest the location of the QCD critical endpoint. Various extensions have been proposed in order to take into consideration the possible deviations of the ideal hadron gas. We highlight various types of interactions, dissipative properties and location-dependences (spacial rapidity). Furthermore, we review three models combining hadronic with partonic phases; quasi-particle model, linear σ-model with Polyakov-loop potentials and compressible bag model. PACS numbers: 12.40.Ee,24.60.-k,05.70.Fh,12.40.-y Keywords: Statistical models of strong interactions, Statistical physics of nuclear reactions, Phase transition in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, Models of strong interactions Contents * http://atawfik.net/ † Electronic address: atawfik@cern.ch 65 3. Chiral phase transition 69 4. Confinement-deconfinement phase diagram 72 V. Higher order moments in statistical-thermal models 74 A. Non-normalized higher order moments 74 B. Normalized higher order moments 77 C. Products of higher order moments 78 D. Experimental higher order moments of particle yie...

“…Then, we calculate the free energy and entropy density. The idea of calculating thermodynamic quantities from quantum nature of physical systems dates back to a about one decade [44][45][46][47][48][49], where the entropy arising from mixing of the quantum states of degenerate quarks in a very simple hadronic model has been estimated and applied to different physical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of quantum gravity on the inflationary parameters and thermodynamics of the early universe

Magdy²,

Ali

2013

Gen Relativ Gravit

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The effects of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the inflationary dynamics and the thermodynamics of the early universe are studied. Using the GUP approach, the tensorial and scalar density fluctuations in the inflation era are evaluated and compared with the standard case. We find a good agreement with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data. Assuming that a quantum gas of scalar particles is confined within a thin layer near the apparent horizon of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe which satisfies the boundary condition, the number and entropy densities and the free energy arising form the quantum states are calculated using the GUP approach. A qualitative estimation for effects of the quantum gravity on all these thermodynamic quantities is introduced.