Effects of quebracho tannin extract (<i>Schinopsis balansae</i>) and activated charcoal on feed intake and digestibility by goats and their faecal microbial biomass

Al-Kindi, Amal; Schlecht, Eva; Schiborra, A.; Joergensen, Rainer Georg

doi:10.1080/01448765.2015.1108869

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Mean concentrations of total microbial biomass indices for ruminant faeces were generally at the lower end of the range obtained in the literature for MBC [8, 9], MC [8, 9, 32] and total PLFA [20, 21]. During 4–8 h in the gut, the mean MC/MBC ratio of 0.95 indicates that negligible amounts of microbial residues were accumulated in the faeces samples, taken rectally and immediately shock-frozen at -192°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This is the first study to analyse the effects of milk-yield specific feeding on the chemical and microbiological composition of cow faeces, using an on-farm approach with four different farms. This contrasts previous studies on experimental farms under controlled conditions [9, 32]. The basic problem for such an on-farm approach is that the feeding strategies for high yielding, low yielding and non-lactating cows were similar but not identical, which increased the data range within a milk-yield specific feeding group, leading to numerous milk yield × farm interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Microbial cell wall components, i.e. amino sugars, are important indicators for microbial biomass in freshly colonized substrates such as roots [31] or faeces [8, 9, 22, 32]. Due to their specificity, bacterial muramic acid (MurN) and fungal glucosamine (GlcN) give additional precise information on the contribution of the two largest functional groups to the microbial biomass [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between feeding and microbial faeces indices in dairy cows at different milk yield levels

et al. 2019

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A study was carried out to gain quantitative information on the diet-dependent faecal microbial biomass of dairy cows, especially on the biomass fractions of fungi, Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) bacteria. Groups of high-yield, low-yield and non-lactating cows were investigated at four different farms. A mean faecal microbial biomass C (MBC) concentration of 33.5 mg g -1 DM was obtained by the chloroform fumigation extraction method. This is similar to a mean microbial C concentration of 31.8 mg g -1 DM, which is the sum of bacterial C and fungal C, estimated by cell-wall derived muramic acid (MurN) and fungal glucosamine (GlcN), respectively. However, the response of these two approaches to the feeding regime was contradictory, due to feeding effects on the conversion values. The higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations in the non-lactating group led to higher ( P < 0.05) concentrations of cellulose and lignin in their faeces in comparison with the lactating cows. This change in faecal chemical composition in the non-lactating group was accompanied by usually higher ratios of G+/G- phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), ergosterol/MBC and fungal C/bacterial C. Although bacteria dominate the faecal microbial biomass, fungi contribute a considerable mean percentage of roughly 20% to the faecal microbiome, according to PLFA and amino sugar data, which requires more attention in the future. Near-infra red spectroscopic estimates of organic N and C fractions of cow faeces were able to model microbial biomarkers successfully, which might be useful in the future to predict its N 2 O emission potential and fertilizer value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between feeding and microbial faeces indices in dairy cows at different milk yield levels

et al. 2019

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“…Higher fecal neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose concentrations were associated with an N deficient diet compared with an N balanced CP diet, whereas the amino sugar concentrations did not differ between these two treatments [ 14 ]. However, the amino sugars muramic acid (MurN) and fungal glucosamine (GlcN) were useful indicators for determining fecal bacterial and fungal biomass in animal feces of several other experiments [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a diet high in fiber and low in CP is fed to cattle at below 100% MER levels, microbial growth in the hindgut may increase due to lowered rumen fermentation, resulting in an increased fecal N concentration from both bacterial mass and undigested feed N [ 18 ]. Similarly, GlcN and galactosamine (GalN) concentrations markedly varied when Boer goats consumed a mixture of ryegrass hay and concentrate that contained different levels of quebracho tannin and activated charcoal [ 16 ]. Tannin and charcoal additions lowered the digestibility of OM, CP, NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and, as a result, changed the fecal composition and increased fungal C concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed Quality and Feeding Level Effects on Faecal Composition in East African Cattle Farming Systems

Ali

Wassie

Joergensen

et al. 2021

Animals

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Effects of feeding levels below maintenance requirements of metabolizable energy (MER) and of feed supplementation on fecal nutrient and microbial C concentrations were evaluated. In experiment 1, Rhodes grass hay only was offered to Boran steers at 80%, 60%, and 40% of individual MER, while steers at 100% MER additionally received a concentrated mixture. This reduction in MER decreased N, increased fungal C but did not affect bacterial C concentrations in feces. In experiment 2, Holstein × Boran heifers were offered a poor-quality roughage diet without supplement, with sweet potato vine silage or with a urea-molasses block. These two supplements did not affect the fecal chemical composition or fungal C but increased bacterial C concentrations in feces. Across all data, the fungal C/bacterial C ratio was positively related to N and negatively to neutral detergent fiber concentrations in feces, indicating diet-induced shifts in the fecal microbial community.

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Net‐mineralization of organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions from Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure applied to acidic and alkaline soils

Ingold

Wachendorf

Buerkert

2021

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background Mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ammonia volatilization, and nitrate leaching from agriculture are important for the management of environmental pollution and climate change. Tannins, which are water‐soluble polyphenolic compounds, were found to reduce emissions in animal husbandry systems when supplemented to ruminant diets. Aim Two laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization processes, and greenhouse gas emissions from three different soils (sandy moderate acidic, sandy alkaline, and loamy alkaline). Methods In the two incubation experiments of 4 and 9 weeks, soil samples were analyzed for K2SO4 extractable C and N, NH4+ and NO3–, microbial biomass C, and pH. In the main experiment emissions of CO2, N2O, and NH3 were regularly monitored. Results Three days after manure application, the CO2 emissions of the three soils were reduced by 26%–37% and N2O by 80%–92% in tannin‐enriched manure treatments compared with tannin‐free manure. However, subsequent cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions were only reduced in the loamy alkaline soil applied with tannin‐enriched manure. Also, in the initial 4 weeks net‐mineralization after manure application was significantly lower in soils applied with tannin‐enriched manure, reflecting an immobilization of N compared with tannin‐free manure in the short term or an inhibition of the mineralization process by physicochemical complexation of proteins or inhibition of enzyme activities in the long term. In both experiments, NO3– was by 23%–95% lower in the three soils after 3–9 weeks compared with tannin‐free manure. Conclusion These results highlight the mitigation potential of tannin‐enriched manure on soil N leaching, and suggest that greenhouse gas emissions may be increased depending on soil properties.

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Effects of quebracho tannin extract (Schinopsis balansae) and activated charcoal on feed intake and digestibility by goats and their faecal microbial biomass

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Relationships between feeding and microbial faeces indices in dairy cows at different milk yield levels

Relationships between feeding and microbial faeces indices in dairy cows at different milk yield levels

Feed Quality and Feeding Level Effects on Faecal Composition in East African Cattle Farming Systems

Net‐mineralization of organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions from Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure applied to acidic and alkaline soils

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