Effects of radiative losses on the relativistic jets of high-mass microquasars

Abstract

Context. Relativistic jets are ubiquitous in astrophysics. High Mass Microquasars (HMMQs) are useful labs to study such jets, as they are relatively close and evolve over observable time scales. The ambient medium into which the jet propagates is, however, far from homogeneous. Corresponding simulation studies to date consider various forms of a wind-shaped ambient medium but typically neglect radiative cooling and relativistic effects. Aims. We investigate the dynamical and structural effects of radiative losses and system parameters on relativistic jets in HMMQs, from the jet launch to its propagation over several tens of orbital separations. Methods. We use 3D relativistic hydrodynamical simulations including parameterized radiative cooling derived from relativistic thermal plasma distribution to carry out parameter studies around two fiducial cases inspired by Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3. Results. Radiative losses are found to be more relevant in Cygnus X-3 than Cygnus X-1. Varying jet power, jet temperature, or the wind of the donor star tends to have a larger impact at early times, when the jet forms and instabilities initially develop, than at later times when the jet has reached a turbulent state. Conclusions. Radiative losses may be dynamically and structurally relevant at least in Cygnus X-3 case, and thus should be examined in more detail.

Relativistic hydrodynamical simulations of the effects of the stellar wind and the orbit on high-mass microquasar jets

“…On the other hand, the advantage of an adiabatic EoS is that it allows the results to apply to all sources that fulfil the relation P orb ∝ a, which given the third law of Kepler, P orb ∝ a 3/2 /(M + MCO) 1/2 , is actually fulfilled when P orb /a 3/2 ∝ 1/(M + MCO) 1/2 . On the other hand, it is worth noting that at least at an heuristic level, departures by a factor of a few in this relation, even under non-negligible radiative cooling (see, e.g., Charlet et al 2021), may still be qualitatively described by our results.…”