Effects of radioactive phosphate fertilizers on yield and phosphorus uptake by ryegrass in pot experiments on calcareous soils from Rothamsted

Mattingly, G. E. G.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600036133

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…First is the direct, but expensive, method using 32 P‐labeled fertilizer, which has limited applicability because of the short half‐life of the labeled fertilizer. In field experiments at Rothamsted with 32 P, average P recovery ranged only from 5 to 25% (Mattingly, 1957; Mattingly and Widdowson, 1958a, 1958b). Second is the difference method, where percentage P recovery of added P, is calculated as follows:

[(U p - Uo) / F p] \times 100

where U p and U o are the uptake of P by crops with and without added P, respectively, and F p is the amount of P applied.…”

Section: Efficient Use Of Phosphorus In Crop Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus in Agriculture: A Review of Results from 175 Years of Research at Rothamsted, UK

Johnston

Poulton

2019

J of Env Quality

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Insight into the role of phosphorus (P) in soil fertility and crop nutrition at Rothamsted, UK, and its involvement in associated environmental issues, has come from long‐term field experiments initially started by J. B. Lawes in 1843 and continued by others, together with experiments on different soils. Results from the 1940s confirmed that residues of P applied in fertilizers and manures build up reserves of P in soil. There is a strong relationship between crop yield and plant‐available P (Olsen P), and a critical level of Olsen P can be determined. For soils near the critical level, P‐use efficiency is high when the P applied and offtake by the crop is nearly equal. Soil inorganic P is associated with various soil components and is held there with a range of bonding energies so that when no P is applied, the decline in Olsen P follows a smooth curve. We conceptualize inorganic soil P as being in four pools of vastly varying size, availability for uptake, and extractability by reagents used in routine soil analysis, and with reversible transfer of P between pools. For very disparate soils at Rothamsted and in the United States, there is a strong relationship between the change in Olsen P and P removal/input ratios, suggesting an underlying similarity in inorganic P behavior. Maintaining soil near the critical level should optimize yield and the use of the global P resource while minimizing the risk of transfer of large amounts of P to the aquatic environment. Core Ideas Lawes started long‐term experiments on P in the 1840s. Insights into role of P in soil fertility and crop growth comes from field experiments. P residues build up a reserve of plant‐available P. Olsen's method is used to establish critical level of available P in soil for optimum yield. Inorganic P transfers between 4 pools of different size/extractability/availability.

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[(U p - Uo) / F p] \times 100

where U p and U o are the uptake of P by crops with and without added P, respectively, and F p is the amount of P applied.…”

Section: Efficient Use Of Phosphorus In Crop Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus in Agriculture: A Review of Results from 175 Years of Research at Rothamsted, UK

Johnston

Poulton

2019

J of Env Quality

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“…In the Hoosfield Exhaustion Land experiment residues from superphosphate applied between 1856 and 1901 more than doubled yields of barley 50 years later (Warren, 1956;Warren & Johnston, 1960). About one-third of the residual phosphate in these soils remains isotopically-exchangeable (Mattingly, 1957). Long-term field experiments are too few to assess with reasonable precision the residual value of phosphate fertilizers on different soil types.…”

Section: Residual Effects Of Phosphate Fertilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: II. Residual value of nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation, with special reference to changes in soil phosphorus status

Mattingly¹

1968

J. Agric. Sci.

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The residual value of three nitrophosphates, potassium metaphosphate, basic slag and rock phosphate was compared with that of superphosphate in two experiments with potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation. The residual value of the fertilizers was also compared with that of (a) six cumulative annual dressings of superphosphate supplying either one-half or the same total amounts of phosphate and (6) single fresh applications of superphosphate applied once in each rotation. Yields and phosphorus uptakes are discussed in relation to the amounts of soil phosphate soluble in 0-5 MNaHCO 3 .In the first rotation residues of rock phosphate produced about 1 ton/acre less potato tubers than residues of other fertilizers and cumulative annual applications of superphosphate produced 0-6-0-9 tons/acre less tubers than all residues except rock phosphate. In the second rotation residues of fertilizers increased tuber yields less than cumulative dressings of superphosphate. Over two rotations mean yields from residues and from cumulative dressings were the same. Mean yields of barley over two rotations were 1-3 cwt/acre greater from residues than from cumulative annual dressings; the residual value of the different phosphates was the same. For swedes residues from the alternative phosphates, including basic slag and rock phosphate, were equivalent to those from superphosphate and gave the same mean yields as six cumulative dressings of superphosphate broadcast at planting.Average residual values of alternative phosphate fertilizers, calculated from (a) yield response, (6) P uptake, and (c) soil analysis were: superphosphate, 100; nitrophosphates, 100-102; potassium metaphosphate, 95; basic slag, 94; Gafsa rock phosphate, 92. Mean percentage 'fresh' superphosphate equivalents of residues from all fertilizers were 17 and 26% after the first rotation and 11 and 15% after the second rotation for potatoes and swedes respectively.The percentage of the total variance in crop yields accounted for by linear regression on NaHCO 3 -soluble P ranged from 38 to 70 % for potatoes, 9 to 28 % for barley grain and 42 to 92 % for swedes. Mean yields of the crops increased by 0-24 ± 0-037 tons/acre (potatoes), 0-22 ± 0-08 cwt/acre (barley) and 1-16 ±0-148 tons/acre (swedes) for each ppm NaHCO 3 -soluble phosphorus in the soil at harvest.

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Availability of soil and fertiliser phosphates to growing crops

McConaghy¹,

Stewart²

1963

J Sci Food Agric

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Results are presented of two groups of experiments involving radish and ryegrass crops in different soil types in the greenhouse. Several extractants were used to assess the ‘plant available’ phosphate contents of soils. Results by the Olsen bicarbonate and Egnér type extractants correlated well with phosphate uptake by the crops, although Egnér values had previously been found not to correlate well with yields of dry matter when results for basaltic soils were included. Phosphate contents of water extracts classified the soils in much the same order as Olsen soil‐P values. Total phosphate uptake was highly correlated with the percentage phosphate saturation of the soils. Phosphate uptake was also highly correlated with the ‘isotopic dilution factor’. The effect of fertiliser phosphate on the uptake of fertiliser P at two levels was studied in three soils using 32P also at two levels. Radioactive phosphate had no effect on total phosphate content of ryegrass but at the highest level (100μC of 32P/pot) it significantly reduced the uptake of fertiliser phosphate. The L value of the soils was increased significantly both by increasing phosphate fertiliser and by increasing the level of 32P incorporated in the fertiliser, although the utilisation of soil phosphate was increased in only one soil—the basalt soil—by the application of phosphate fertiliser. L values of the same order were obtained for two soils which differed noticeably in their capacity to supply phosphate for ryegrass growth.

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Effects of radioactive phosphate fertilizers on yield and phosphorus uptake by ryegrass in pot experiments on calcareous soils from Rothamsted

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Phosphorus in Agriculture: A Review of Results from 175 Years of Research at Rothamsted, UK

Phosphorus in Agriculture: A Review of Results from 175 Years of Research at Rothamsted, UK

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: II. Residual value of nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation, with special reference to changes in soil phosphorus status

Availability of soil and fertiliser phosphates to growing crops

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