Effects of raloxifene, hormone therapy, and soy isoflavone on serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women

Yıldız, Mustafa; Kumru, Selahattin; Gödekmerdan, Ahmet; Kutlu, Selim

doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.05.005

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…With the exception of one study reporting an improvement in CRP (Hall et al, 2005), a preponderance of recently published studies administering soy protein isolate or isolated isoflavones concur with the absence of effect on CRP shown in the present study (Teede et al, 2004;D'Anna et al, 2005;Hilpert et al, 2005;Yildiz et al, 2005;Hanson et al, 2006;RyanBorchers et al, 2006). Regardless of intervention length (1 month to 3 years), vehicle of administration (soy protein isolate or isoflavone tablets) or isoflavone dose (10-129 mg), significant effects on CRP were not observed in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Consumption of isoflavone-rich soy protein does not alter homocysteine or markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women

et al. 2007

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Background/Objective: To investigate the effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). Subject/Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 34 postmenopausal women consumed soy protein isolate (2675 g protein containing 4478 mg isoflavones per day) or milk protein isolate (2675 g protein per day) for 6 weeks each. Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of each diet period and end points analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Concentrations of Hcy, CRP, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were not different between soy and milk diet treatments. Results did not differ by equol production status or by baseline lipid concentration. Adjustment for intake of folate and methionine did not alter the Hcy results. Conclusions: These data suggest that decreasing vascular inflammation and Hcy concentration are not likely mechanisms by which soy consumption reduces coronary heart disease risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Consumption of isoflavone-rich soy protein does not alter homocysteine or markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women

et al. 2007

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“…Phytoestrogen genistein does not affect serum CRP (33), while soy-isoflavone-enriched food decreases plasma CRP (51). Yildiz et al (157) reported that estradiol valerate plus dienogest, but not raloxifene and genistein, increase serum CRP levels.…”

Section: Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

C‐Reactive Protein (CRP)‐Lowering Agents

Prasad

2006

Cardiovascular Drug Reviews

238

185

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C-reactive protein (CRP) plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. It is a marker and predictor of cardiovascular disease. CRP possesses numerous cardiovascular effects (clotting, generation of oxygen radicals, increase in the expression of adhesion molecules and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, plaque destabilization) that could result in cardiovascular disease. This review describes the effects of various cardiovascular drugs on the levels of CRP in health and disease. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (aspirin, rofecoxib, celecoxib), platelet aggregation inhibitors (clopidogrel, abciximab), lipid lowering agents (statins, ezetimibe, fenofibrate, niacin, diets), â-adrenoreceptor antagonists and antioxidants (vitamin E), as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ramipril, captopril, fosinopril), reduce serum levels of CRP; while enalapril and trandolapril have not been shown to have the same effect. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (valsartan, irbesartan, olmesartan, telmisartan) markedly reduce serum levels of CRP. The findings with other ARBs (losartan and candesartan) were inconsistent. Antidiabetic agents (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) reduce CRP levels, while insulin is ineffective. Calcium channel antagonists have variable effects on CRP levels. Hydrochlorothiazide and oral estrogen do not affect CRP. The CRP-lowering effect of statins is more pronounced than their lipid lowering effect and is not dependent on their hypolipemic activity. The effect of atorvastatin on CRP seems to be dose-dependent. CRP-lowering effect of statins is likely to contribute to the favorable outcome of statin therapy. The data suggest that lipid lowering agents, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, antidiabetic agents, antiinflammatory and antiplatelet agents, vitamin E, and â-adrenoreceptor antagonists lower serum or plasma levels of CRP, while vitamin C, oral estrogen and hydrochlorothiazide do not affect CRP levels.

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“…Preferential binding to ERb has also led to discussion about isoflavones being classified as selective estrogen receptor modulators rather than simply as phytoestrogens (41)(42)(43). Certainly, there is considerable clinical evidence to indicate that isoflavones do not affect many biological processes affected by estrogen therapy (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the soy–breast cancer relation

Messina

Wu²

2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

107

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There has been considerable investigation of the potential for soy foods to reduce risk of breast cancer. Initial enthusiasm for this research was partially based on the historically low incidence rates of breast cancer and high soy food intake in Japan. There are several putative soybean chemopreventive agents, but most cancer research has focused on isoflavones. Isoflavones possess both hormonal and nonhormonal properties relevant to carcinogenesis. Recent epidemiologic analyses indicate that among Asians high soy intake is associated with an approximate one-third reduction in the risk of both pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer. However, several lines of evidence suggest that to derive maximum protection against breast cancer, soy must be consumed early in life. This evidence is consistent with the lack of significant effects noted in clinical studies that have evaluated the effects of isoflavone-containing products on breast cancer risk markers. Isoflavones may exert their putative protective effects by stimulating breast cell differentiation in a manner similar to that which is thought to occur during early pregnancy. Finally, the ability of the isoflavone genistein to stimulate the growth of mammary tumors in ovariectomized athymic nude mice implanted with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells has raised concern that soy foods, and especially isoflavone supplements, are contraindicated for patients with breast cancer and women at high risk of breast cancer. However, findings from clinical studies, in which breast biopsies have been taken or breast tissue density measured after isoflavone exposure, are reassuring and contrast with the proliferative effects of conventional combined hormone therapy, although understanding of the effect of soy and isoflavones on breast tissues remains imprecise.Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(suppl):1673S-9S.

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Effects of raloxifene, hormone therapy, and soy isoflavone on serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women

Abstract: Estradiol valerate plus dienogest, but not raloxifene and genistein, increase serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels. All 3 treatments, however, have an estrogen-like effect on serum lipid profile.

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Consumption of isoflavone-rich soy protein does not alter homocysteine or markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women

Consumption of isoflavone-rich soy protein does not alter homocysteine or markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women

C‐Reactive Protein (CRP)‐Lowering Agents

Perspectives on the soy–breast cancer relation

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