Effects of Ramp Slope and Height on Usability and Physiology during Wheelchair Driving

김충식,; 이동훈,; 이지혜,; 권성혁,; 정민근,

doi:10.5143/jesk.2010.29.4.681

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…ABAAG (U.S. access board, 2006) suggested 1:8 for ramps with height under 7.5 cm, 1:10 for ramps with heights from 7.5 to 15 cm. Kim et al, (2010) suggested 1:8 for ramps with a 15 cm rise, and 1:10 ~ 1:12 for ramps with a 45 cm rise, but conducted this study only on a 45 cm ramp, and thus could not suggest appropriate slopes for other ramp heights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Sanford et al (1997) also recommended 1:12. However, other studies have concluded that different values of ramp slope are appropriate: e.g., 1:16 ~ 1:20 (Steinfeld et al, 1979), 1:10 (Walter, 1971), 1:6 (Canale et al, 1991;Elmer, 1957) and 1:8 or 1:10 ~ 1:12 depending on height (Kim et al, 2010). This disagreement may be due to the differences in experimental settings such as participants and ramp length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The user group was a between-subject factor and its levels were "male attendant and male occupant" (M -M), "male attendant and female occupant" (M -F), female attendant and male occupant" (F -M), and "female attendant and female occupant" (F -F). The ramp slope levels were set to 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 1:12 and 1:14 after referring to prior studies (Canale et al, 1991;Kim et al, 2010;Sanford et al, 1997;Steinfeld et al, 1979).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ramp slope on usability when a wheelchair is propelled by attendant

Kim

Lee

Chung

2012

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Many wheelchair users are accompanied by an attendant, but most prior studies did not consider this fact. This study investigated effects of ramp slope on wheelchair velocity and subjective discomfort considering both the wheelchair occupant and the attendant while ascending with the occupant facing forward, descending with the occupant facing forward, and descending with the occupant facing backward. Forty (20 male, 20 female) participants were dividing into four groups: male – male (attendant – occupant), male – female, female – male, female – female. To evaluate the usability of the ramp, analysis considered the four levels of user group and five levels of the ramp slope (1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 1:12 and 1:14) as independent variables, and mean wheelchair velocity, attendants’ physical discomfort, and occupants’ psychological anxiety as dependent variables. Considering the opinions of both the attendant and the occupant, 1:12 was recommended as the appropriate ramp slope. Furthermore, when descending a ramp, the occupant should be able to look forward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ramp slope on usability when a wheelchair is propelled by attendant

Kim

Lee

Chung

2012

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…Ishida et al (2006), who studied pavements from the viewpoint of wheelchair users, found that when the slope gradient exceeds 1:50 (2·0%), subjective discomfort and the gradient have a linear relationship. Kim et al (2010) investigated the effects of the ramp gradients ranging from 1:6 (16%) to 1:14 (7%) on wheelchair users, but found that such effects were minor when the height was low (15 cm). Canale et al (1991) Investigating ramp gradients for humps on railway platforms Fujiyama, Childs, Boampong and Tyler study on the slope with both longitudinal and cross-fall gradients.…”

Section: Existing Studies Regulations and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating ramp gradients for humps on railway platforms

Fujiyama

Childs

Boampong

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal E

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2 3 4Horizontal and vertical gaps between the train and the platform are a major safety concern for railway passengers, especially for disabled passengers. London Underground is implementing a programme to install platform humps to remove vertical differences between the train and the platform. In order to properly design platform humps, this study empirically investigated the effects of the design factors of the ramps, namely the slope and cross-fall gradients, on disabled passengers. The investigation consisted of two experiments: one where 20 participants were asked to walk on simulated slopes, and the other where 25 participants were asked to board or alight from the simulated train from or onto the slopes. The slope gradients tested were 3·0% (1:33), 5·2% (1:19) and 6·9% (1:14)with the cross-fall gradients 1·5% (1:67), 2·0% (1:50) and 2·5% (1:40). The results showed that the slope gradient does not largely affect the participants' performance of longitudinal walking on the slopes or their subjective safety evaluation, but would cause additional difficulty for them to board/alight from the train from/onto the slope. This suggests that train doors should not stop next to the ramp. There was little evidence concerning the effects of the cross-fall gradient. The results provide useful information for designing platform humps.

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Effects of ramp slope on physiological characteristic and performance time of healthy adults propelling and pushing wheelchairs

Choi

Lee

et al. 2015

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] This study examined the effects of ramp slope (1:12, 1:10, 1:8, and 1:6) on physiological characteristics and performance times of wheelchair users and the performance times of caregivers to determine which slope would be the best for wheelchairs, in order to propose a ramp slope that incorporates a universal design. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Fifteen of these subjects also volunteered to participate as caregivers. A wooden ramp with an adjustable slope was constructed. As manual wheelchair users, the participants performed propulsion of a wheelchair up the ramp at a self-selected pace. Four ramp slopes (1:12, 1:10, 1:8, and 1:6) were used, and the participants sequentially ascended them in order from the gentlest to the steepest slope. The caregivers also pushed a wheelchair up the ramp at a self-selected pace. The blood pressure and pulse of participants after the ascent, as well as the performance times of the caregivers and manual wheelchair users, were measured on each of the different ramp slopes. The measured data, pulse, blood pressure, and performance time, were analyzed using repeated ANOVA. [Results] Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher after ascending the 1:6 slope than after ascending the 1:12 and 1:8 slopes. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher after ascending the 1:6 slope than after ascending the 1:12 and 1:8 slopes. The participants’ pulses tended to increase significantly with an increase in slope. An assessment of the propulsion performance times revealed significant differences among the slopes. [Conclusion] Considering the results of the wheelchair users and caregivers, the 1:12 and 1:10 slopes are suitable ramp slopes for wheelchairs.

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Effects of Ramp Slope and Height on Usability and Physiology during Wheelchair Driving

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of ramp slope on usability when a wheelchair is propelled by attendant

Effects of ramp slope on usability when a wheelchair is propelled by attendant

Investigating ramp gradients for humps on railway platforms

Effects of ramp slope on physiological characteristic and performance time of healthy adults propelling and pushing wheelchairs

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