Effects of rare earth oxide on hardfacing metal microstructure of medium carbon steel and its refinement mechanism

Fe–24wt.%Cr–4.1wt.%C hardfacing alloy: Microstructure and carbide refinement mechanisms with ceria additive

“…On potential method, rare earth (RE) elements are used to further improve the structures and properties of the hardfacing alloys. It has already been shown that, by adding RE elements in steel, the crystal grain could be refined, the grain boundary purified and the plasticity and toughness could be improved [17,18]. Recent works also showed that, the abrasive wear behavior and fracture toughness of the 0.16 wt.%C-12 wt.%Cr-Fe hardfacing alloy can be improved with ceria additive [19].…”

Influence of Nano-Y2O3 on Wear Resistance of Hypereutectic Fe–Cr–C Hardfacing Coating

“…And the core powders were composed of graphite, ferrochromium, ferrovanadium, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrotitanium and aluminum-magnesium alloy. Based on our prior experiences [20][21][22][23], the additions of Y 2 O 3 were 0, 0.63, 2.54 and 5.08 wt%, respectively.…”

“…Liu et al [19] studied that refinement of La 2 O 3 on M 7 C 3 carbide in the hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C alloy and laser cladding layer present the highest abrasion resistance when La 2 O 3 additive is 4 wt%. In our previous work, La 2 O 3 , CeO 2 and their sulfur oxides as heterogeneous nuclei of primary austenite for middle-high carbon steel [20,21], that of ferrite for medium carbon steel [22], and that of primary carbide for hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C coatings [23] were investigated, respectively. Moreover, past studies focused on the properties of additives with macro size.…”

Effect of rare earth oxide on the properties of laser cladding layer and machining vibration suppressing in side milling

“…Wang et al [6] studied the effects of La 2 O 3 on the microstructure and wear resistance of laser clad nickel-based alloy coating and reported that the microstructure was refined and the wear resistance of coating was enhanced significantly. Hao et al [7] investigated the effects of rare earth oxide on the hardfacing metal microstructure of medium carbon steel and pointed out that the microstructure was refined at first and then coarsened with the increase in rare earth oxide addition. In situ Fe-NbC composite laser cladding layer with different CeO 2 addition was produced in die steel by Li et al [8], and it is shown that CeO 2 plays important roles in reducing microporosities, refining grains and improving the precipitation of NbC.…”