Effects of reaction medium on the radical polymerization and copolymerization of acrylamide

Kurenkov, V. F.; Myagchenkov, V. A.

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(80)90030-0

Cited by 75 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…acrylic and methacrylic acids has been widely studied and reviewed over the past two decades (Refs. [1][2][3][4]. Among the main factors controlling monomer reactivity are hydrogen bonding, dipolar interactions and electrostatic forces, electron donor/acceptor complex formation and the so-called "bootstrap model" (Ref 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐radical polymerization in micellar media: Effect of microenvironment

Candau

Volpert

Lacı́k

et al. 1996

Macromolecular Symposia

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A micellar polymerization process has been used to prepare polyacrylamide or poly(acrylic acid) hydrophobically modified with low amounts (1–5 mol%) of an N‐alkyl‐ or N‐alkylarylacrylamide. The effect of the initial monomer segregation on the copolymer microstructure and the copolymerization mechanism has been investigated. This method leads generally to multiblock copolymers in which the number and length of the hydrophobic blocks vary with the initial number of hydrophobes per micelle. Interestingly, the copolymerization of acrylamide with disubstituted acrylamides leads to homogeneous samples with an average copolymer composition independent of the degree of conversion, in contrast to what is observed with monosubstituted acrylamides for which a drift in composition is observed. The difference in polarity between the bulk phase and the micellar phase is responsible for this behavior. This microenvironment effect modifies the reactivity ratios of those hydrophobes capable of forming hydrogen bonds, whereas the reactivity of the other hydrophobes remains unaffected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐radical polymerization in micellar media: Effect of microenvironment

Candau

Volpert

Lacı́k

et al. 1996

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…[ 4,5 ] Measurement of the individual rate coeffi cients for radical polymerization of water soluble monomers is notoriously challenging due to high viscosity and a pH and monomer concentration dependency on the rate coeffi cients. [ 6,7 ] As a result, the studies in the literature are often limited to measuring the batch conversion profi les at low monomer concentration to deduce the ratio of k p / k t 1/2 from the well-known expression for polymerization rate written assuming the IUPAC convention for termination ( (1)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Radical Batch Homopolymerization of Acrylamide in Aqueous Solution

Preusser

Chovancová

Lacı́k

et al. 2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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has been the subject of scientific study since the 1970s, [3] it is only recently that a more complete understanding of the kinetic complexities of the polymerization system has been realized. [4,5] Measurement of the individual rate coefficients for radical polymerization of water soluble monomers is notoriously challenging due to high viscosity and a pH and monomer concentration dependency on the rate coefficients. [6,7] As a result, the studies in the literature are often limited to measuring the batch conversion profiles at low monomer concentration to deduce the ratio of k p /k t 1/2 from the well-known expression for polymerization rate written assuming the IUPAC convention for termination (, where [P] is the total polymer radical concentration)(1)While the rate of polymerization is expected to be first order with respect to monomer concentration (Equation (1)), studies with AM yield a reaction order between 1.24 and A kinetic model for the radical homopolymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution is developed, incorporating propagation and termination rate coefficients as functions of monomer concentration and including the formation and reaction of midchain radicals based on the insights and measured rate coefficients from recent pulsed-laser studies. The model successfully represents the batch conversion profiles measured using an in situ NMR technique between 40 and 70 °C with initial monomer concentrations of 5 to 40 wt%, as well as the associated polymer molar mass distributions. In particular, the model captures the decreased rate that occurs at lowered monomer concentrations as a result of the formation of less-active midchain radicals by backbiting. Previous literature data are also well represented by the model.

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“…Im Fall der Inhibitionsmessungen werden nur Radikalbildungen nach (Gleichung (12) und ggf. (13)) erfadt: s,o,2---f 2 so; (12) …”

Section: Vergleichende Betrachtungenunclassified

Zur Initiierung der Emulsionspolymerisation von Vinylchlorid mit Kaliumperoxidisulfat: 3. Ermittlung der Initiierungsgeschwindigkeit

Neelsen¹,

Hecht²,

Jaeger³

et al. 1987

Acta Polymerica

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Die kinetische Analyse der Startreaktion ergab, daß polymerisationsauslösende Radikale in einem komplexen Reaktionsablauf gebildet werden, wobei den Phasengrenzen entscheidende Bedeutung zukommt. Reale Initiierungsgeschwindigkeiten wurden durch radiochemische Endgruppenbestimmungen erhalten. Inhibitionsmessungen spiegeln zwar den Einfluß der Inhaltsstoffe, insbesondere des Emulgators, qualitativ richtig wider, liefern jedoch zu kleine Werte für vi.

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Effects of reaction medium on the radical polymerization and copolymerization of acrylamide

Cited by 75 publications

References 44 publications

Free‐radical polymerization in micellar media: Effect of microenvironment

Free‐radical polymerization in micellar media: Effect of microenvironment

Modeling the Radical Batch Homopolymerization of Acrylamide in Aqueous Solution

Zur Initiierung der Emulsionspolymerisation von Vinylchlorid mit Kaliumperoxidisulfat: 3. Ermittlung der Initiierungsgeschwindigkeit

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