Effects of real and simulated weightlessness on the cardiac and peripheral vascular functions of humans: A review

Zhu, Hui; Wang, Hanqing; Liu, Zhiqiang

doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00301

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Hard conditions of spaceflight such as stress, radiation and weightlessness is an extreme situation that can cause a number of physiological changes in the human body. Alterations in cardiovascular, immunological, sensorimotor, musculoskeletal and reproductive systems have been reported following the spaceflight [ 27 – 29 ]. Sometimes such changes can lead to the development of real disease which requires therapeutically medical treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceflight Effects on Cytochrome P450 Content in Mouse Liver

et al. 2015

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Hard conditions of long-term manned spaceflight can affect functions of many biological systems including a system of drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily plays a key role in the drug metabolism. In this study we examined the hepatic content of some P450 isoforms in mice exposed to 30 days of space flight and microgravity. The CYP content was established by the mass-spectrometric method of selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Significant changes in the CYP2C29, CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 contents were detected in mice of the flight group compared to the ground control group. Within seven days after landing and corresponding recovery period changes in the content of CYP2C29 and CYP1A2 returned to the control level, while the CYP2E1 level remained elevated. The induction of enzyme observed in the mice in the conditions of the spaceflight could lead to an accelerated biotransformation and change in efficiency of pharmacological agents, metabolizing by corresponding CYP isoforms. Such possibility of an individual pharmacological response to medication during long-term spaceflights and early period of postflight adaptation should be taken into account in space medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceflight Effects on Cytochrome P450 Content in Mouse Liver

et al. 2015

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“…Although the overall scenario of cardiovascular deconditioning is widely accepted, the extreme difficulty of performing clinical measurements, the unsystematic data collection on older missions, the limited number of human space missions, and the heterogeneity of the missions (in terms of reference baseline posture, crew, objectives, countermeasures, duration, etc.) make the details of cardiovascular responses controversial and restricted to a modest number of cardiac parameters [9][10][11][12] . To the best of our knowledge, hemodynamic parameters related to the right heart, oxygen consumption, and exercise tolerance are barely known in microgravity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular deconditioning during long-term spaceflight through multiscale modeling

2020

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Human spaceflight has been fascinating man for centuries, representing the intangible need to explore the unknown, challenge new frontiers, advance technology, and push scientific boundaries further. A key area of importance is cardiovascular deconditioning, that is, the collection of hemodynamic changes—from blood volume shift and reduction to altered cardiac function—induced by sustained presence in microgravity. A thorough grasp of the 0G adjustment point per se is important from a physiological viewpoint and fundamental for astronauts’ safety and physical capability on long spaceflights. However, hemodynamic details of cardiovascular deconditioning are incomplete, inconsistent, and poorly measured to date; thus a computational approach can be quite valuable. We present a validated 1D–0D multiscale model to study the cardiovascular response to long-term 0G spaceflight in comparison to the 1G supine reference condition. Cardiac work, oxygen consumption, and contractility indexes, as well as central mean and pulse pressures were reduced, augmenting the cardiac deconditioning scenario. Exercise tolerance of a spaceflight traveler was found to be comparable to an untrained person with a sedentary lifestyle. At the capillary–venous level significant waveform alterations were observed which can modify the regular perfusion and average nutrient supply at the cellular level. The present study suggests special attention should be paid to future long spaceflights which demand prompt physical capacity at the time of restoration of partial gravity (e.g., Moon/Mars landing). Since spaceflight deconditioning has features similar to accelerated aging understanding deconditioning mechanisms in microgravity are also relevant to the understanding of aging physiology on the Earth.

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“…The TS rat model induces a cephalic fluid shift and postural muscle unloading, which are characteristics of exposure to weightlessness [ 5 , 6 ]. In addition, TS rats exhibit specific adaptations similar to those seen in astronauts during spaceflight, including postural muscle atrophy, hypovolemia, a diminished capacity for elevated vascular resistance, orthostatic hypotension, and reduced aerobic capacity [ 7 ]. Moreover, if prolonged for several days, the fluid shift that develops in TS rats alters the expression of certain genes and proteins [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated weightlessness affects the expression and activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the rat brain

Yoon

Kim

2017

Oncotarget

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Spaceflight induces pathophysiological alterations in various organs. To study pathophysiological adaptations to weightlessness on the ground, the tail suspension (TS) rat model has been used to simulate the effects of weightlessness. There is currently little information on the effect of TS on the expression and activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain. In this study, we examined time-dependent alterations in the expression and activity of neuronal NOS (nNOS) in the brains of TS rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were tail-suspended for 1 (TS1), 7 (TS7), and 14 (TS14) days or rested on the ground for 3 days after 14 days of TS. TS1 and TS7 rats exhibited no significant alterations in the expression of nNOS compared to control rats, whereas nNOS expression in TS14 rats was significantly upregulated compared to control rats. Normalized expression of nNOS mRNA and protein in TS14 rats (1.86 ± 0.48 and 1.84 ± 0.29, respectively) were significantly higher than that of control rats (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Consistent with these results, significant elevations in NOS activity and NO production were observed in TS14 rats. Thus, we demonstrated a significant upregulation of nNOS expression, accompanied by significant increases in NOS activity and NO production, in the brain of rats exposed to simulated weightlessness.

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Effects of real and simulated weightlessness on the cardiac and peripheral vascular functions of humans: A review

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Spaceflight Effects on Cytochrome P450 Content in Mouse Liver

Spaceflight Effects on Cytochrome P450 Content in Mouse Liver

Cardiovascular deconditioning during long-term spaceflight through multiscale modeling

Simulated weightlessness affects the expression and activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the rat brain

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