Effects of reduced organic matter loading through membrane filtration on the microbial community dynamics in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar)

Fossmark, Ragnhild Olsen; Vadstein, Ôlav; Rosten, Trond; Bakke, Ingrid; Koseto, Deni; Bugten, Anette Voll; Helberg, Gaute Alexander Nedberg; Nesje, Jenny; Jørgensen, Niels O. G.; Raspati, Gema Sakti; Azrague, Kamal; Østerhus, Stein W.; Attramadal, Kari J.K.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735268

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The production of smolts in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is expanding rapidly and globally as a means to provide a controlled stable environment for optimal growth, reduced water usage, biosecurity and minimize the impact on ecosystems (d'Orbcastel et al, 2009;Attramadal et al, 2014). However, fish farmed in RAS experience very different conditions than open water systems including microbial populations which are regulated by water physiochemical factors as well as available nutrients and space (De Schryver and Vadstein, 2014;Fossmark et al, 2020). Microbial communities in RAS play a vital role in converting waste nutrients from uneaten feed and feces to maintain high water quality, which in turn is critical to fish health (Sullam et al, 2012;Blancheton et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

et al. 2021

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Atlantic salmon aquaculture is undergoing an expansion of land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), especially for freshwater (FW) stages of production. Juvenile salmon undergo parr-smolt transformation, also known as smoltification and become pre-adapted to tolerate seawater (SW). One aspect requiring study is the development of microbial communities during this time, especially in RAS systems. Here we analyzed temporal changes in microbiome associated with the intestine in Atlantic salmon during smolt production in a commercial RAS production facility and followed the same cohort of fish post-seawater transfer (SWT), using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial diversity and richness showed an increase over time across FW production, but declined sharply and significantly 1-week post-SWT before re-establishing itself with a completely different community structure after 4 weeks. Core microbial taxa could be assigned to three distinct categories; (1) omnipresent, (2) salinity specific, or (3) transient. By including diet and water samples in the analyses, we classified true core taxa associated with the host, those associated with the diet, and transient cores associated with microbial communities in tank water. The rising trend observed in microbial richness in the water may be a consequence of a temporal increase in organic load while dominance of Vibrionaceae may be attributed to the higher temperatures maintained during RAS production and above average natural water temperatures post-SWT. Functional analysis suggests modulation of metabolic pathways post-SWT, but downstream impacts on fish growth and health in a commercial setting remain to be elucidated. A deeper understanding of the interplay between microbial composition and functionality can play a role in optimizing fish performance in tightly regulated RAS production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

et al. 2021

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“…Direct and indirect impacts of these particles on fish performance and RAS operation have recently been described (Becke et al, 2020; Schumann & Brinker, 2020). Recent aquaculture studies have demonstrated methods to control and remove the waterborne bacterial load by removing microparticles or inactivating bacteria (Bentzon‐Tilia et al, 2016; Fossmark et al, 2020; Huyben et al, 2018; de Jesus Gregersen et al, 2020; Wold et al, 2014). However, there is still a need to test and develop alternative, simple and cost‐effective water treatment methods that can improve water quality in RAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of microparticles and bacterial inactivation in freshwater RAS by use of foam fractionation, H ₂ O ₂ and NaCl

Jafari

Gregersen

Vadstein

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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Foam fractionation (FF) is an effective water treatment technology used to remove fine particles in seawater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). However, there is only limited available information on the operation and efficiency of FF in freshwater. This study investigated the treatment efficiency of FF by measuring changes in bacterial activity and microparticle densities in freshwater from RAS. Thirty‐six separate batch tests were performed with FF separately and in combination with addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and salt (NaCl). Both chemicals are commonly used for water treatment in freshwater aquaculture. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design with 3 factors: FF (present or absent), H2O2 (0 or 10 mg L⎻1) and NaCl (0, 3, or 10 ppt). FF reduced the concentration of microparticles and turbidity in freshwater by 58.7 ± 5.4% and 27.5 ± 3.8% respectively. H2O2 had a significant antimicrobial effect, and the combination of H2O2 and FF resulted in an 80% reduction in bacterial activity in freshwater. Addition of NaCl improved the efficiency of FF by further reducing particle concentration and turbidity two‐fold at 10 ppt compared to 0 ppt. This study provides new knowledge on the potential use of FF to improve the water quality in freshwater RAS, and this was further enhanced by the addition of H2O2 or NaCl.

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“…RAS technology, which filters, circulates and reuses limited culturing water on land, is an aquaculture system that incorporates various technologies such as micro‐membrane filtration and UV filtration (Martin et al, 2021). In particular, membrane technology using micro‐membrane filtration (0.1–10 μm) is being actively studied for water quality improvement and management (Fossmark et al, 2020). However, since a micro‐membrane filtration presents additional cost and complexity for aquaculture farmers, it is necessary to review whether such a filtration system is necessary in order to use Saemangeum Reservoir for aquaculture (Kim et al, 2020b; Fossmark et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, membrane technology using micro‐membrane filtration (0.1–10 μm) is being actively studied for water quality improvement and management (Fossmark et al, 2020). However, since a micro‐membrane filtration presents additional cost and complexity for aquaculture farmers, it is necessary to review whether such a filtration system is necessary in order to use Saemangeum Reservoir for aquaculture (Kim et al, 2020b; Fossmark et al, 2020). Therefore, in order for fishermen to practice sustainable aquaculture using artificial reservoirs such as the Saemangeum Reservoir, research on aquaculture using water treatment technology is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biofloc‐based aquaculture of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) using water from a low‐salinity artificial reservoir in Korea

Kim

Jeon

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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The Saemangeum region of Jeollabuk province, located in the central region of the western coast of the South Korea, was once a representative fishing area in Korea. However, as the fishery environment has changed significantly due to the Saemangeum development project that started in 1991, the production of aquaculture has decreased by approximately 50% (from 164,141 tons in 1989 to 82,664 tons in 2019), fishermen's income has decreased, and the local economy has stagnated. The aquaculture industry in this area is limited in part because the Saemangeum Reservoir (35°52′07.3″N, 126°30′29.8″E) became unsuitable for the use as water for aquaculture; the aquaculture industry was not activated. In order to solve this problem, an alternative to using the Saemangeum Reservoir for aquaculture was needed. In order to determine the feasibility of using water from the reservoir, a low-salinity artificial reservoir, as water for aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei, a biofloc technology (BFT) system was applied. The BFT system was applied to three experimental groups; the control group using seawater (CON), the experimental group using unfiltered water from the Saemangeum Reservoir (SW) and the experimental group using Saemangeum Reservoir filtered with micro-membrane filtration technology (FW). Shrimps averaging 0.67 ± 0.01 g (Mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into nine acrylic 50 L tanks at a density of 20 shrimps per tank. The experiment was carried out for 6 weeks without a water change. At the end of the 6 weeks, there were no significant differences in the growth performance, feed efficiency, survival rate or biochemical parameters of L. vannamei among the groups. A water quality analysis indicated that the total ammonia nitrogen, NO 2 − and NO 3 − concentrations of all groups tended to rise similarly during the experimental period, and there was no significant difference between groups.In this study, it was found that when using BFT system, the water of the Saemangeum Reservoir can be used as culturing water for L. vannamei even if the influent water is not filtered with micro-membrane filtration technology. Therefore, our study findings suggest that the water of the Saemangeum Reservoir, a low-salinity artificial lake, can be used for inland aquaculture of L. vannamei when a BFT system is applied.

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Effects of reduced organic matter loading through membrane filtration on the microbial community dynamics in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar)

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

Removal of microparticles and bacterial inactivation in freshwater RAS by use of foam fractionation, H ₂ O ₂ and NaCl

Evaluation of biofloc‐based aquaculture of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) using water from a low‐salinity artificial reservoir in Korea

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Effects of reduced organic matter loading through membrane filtration on the microbial community dynamics in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar)

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

Removal of microparticles and bacterial inactivation in freshwater RAS by use of foam fractionation, H 2 O 2 and NaCl

Evaluation of biofloc‐based aquaculture of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) using water from a low‐salinity artificial reservoir in Korea

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Removal of microparticles and bacterial inactivation in freshwater RAS by use of foam fractionation, H ₂ O ₂ and NaCl