Effects of reducing dietary [(Na+ + K+) − (Cl− + SO4=] on the rate of calcium mobilisation by dairy cows at parturition

Mosel, M van; Klooster, A.T. van 't; Mosel, Frank; Kuilen, J. van der

doi:10.1016/0034-5288(93)90002-w

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This may have contributed to our inability to establish a relationship between fecal P and DCAD over a wide range of values. An effect of DCAD on urinary P excretion was also undetected; this is consistent with the results of Delaquis and Block (1995) with lactating cows and those of Van Mosel et al (1993) with dry cows. In contrast, West et al (1991) has shown a cubic response in urinary P to reductions in DCAD (from + 31.2 to −10 to mEq/100 g DM) in lactating cows, while Vagnoni and Oetzel (1998) reported reduced urinary P in dry cows receiving DCAD of −4 and −6 mEq/100 g DM compared with +20 mEq/100 g DM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Altering Dietary Cation-Anion Difference in Lactating Dairy Cows to Reduce Phosphorus Excretion to the Environment

Castro

Phillip

Girard

et al. 2004

Journal of Dairy Science

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Four early-lactating dairy cows were randomly allocated to 4 diets with dietary cation-anion difference [DCAD; (Na + K) - (Cl- + S2-) mEq/100 g dry matter)] values of +14, +18, +24, and +45. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous, and supplied similar levels of P (0.46%) and Ca (0.77%). The salts, MgCl2, MgSO4, K2CO3, and NaHCO3 were used to alter DCAD. The main objective of the study was to ascertain whether a decrease in DCAD would reduce fecal P excretion in lactating dairy cattle. The experiment was conducted as a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. During the last 5 d, diets were offered at a restricted level and samples of blood, milk, feces, and urine were collected. Measures of acid-base status of the cows were linearly related to DCAD, but the animals did not experience metabolic acid stress. Neither fecal P nor urinary P was affected by DCAD, and there was no change in overall P balance. Plasma P tended to increase and blood concentrations of ionized Ca were enhanced as DCAD decreased; P excretion in milk showed a quadratic response to DCAD. Milk yield and milk composition were unaffected by changes in DCAD. Although DCAD may have influenced P homeostasis in lactating cows, there was no evidence that, within the range of + 14 to + 45 mEq/ 100 g dry matter, DCAD could be used as a nutritional strategy to reduce manure P from dairy cattle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Altering Dietary Cation-Anion Difference in Lactating Dairy Cows to Reduce Phosphorus Excretion to the Environment

Castro

Phillip

Girard

et al. 2004

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Beck and Webster (1976) reported that in rats induced metabolic acidosis increased the renal excretion of calcium, despite there being no change or a decrease in the filtered load. This suggests that urinary Ca excretion was augmented by a depression of the renal tubular resorption of Ca induced by acidosis (van Mosel et al, 1993). The different diets induced only significant differences between the different diet groups for urinary Ca content and urinary pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a previous report, Schonewille et al (1994b) noted that a decrease of urinary pH from 8.68 to 7.97 increased urinary Ca excretion, but also intestinal Ca absorption. These authors hypothesized that with diets rich in anions, unaltered bone resorption with decreased bone accretion could explain increased urinary excretion (van Mosel et al, 1993;Schonewille et al, 1994b), because the increased Ca absorption did not fully account for the increase in urinary Ca loss. This hypothesis cannot be adopted for the present study, because there was a difference between the groups according to bone resorption in goats and bone formation in both species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Liesegang

2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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Influence of anionic salts on bone metabolism in periparturient dairy goats and sheep Blood and urine samples were collected daily until parturition. Serum Ca, P, Mg, serum crosslaps (CTX), osteocalcin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (VITD), urinary pH, and urinary Ca concentrations were analyzed. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured with peripheral quantitative computer tomography. The bone resorption marker CTX showed significant differences between the animals supplemented with anionic salts and the control animals in goats, but not in sheep. The goats receiving anionic salts had greater CTX concentrations throughout the administration of the salts. In sheep, a difference was only observed on the day of parturition. Similar observations were made in VITD concentrations, although a significant difference between the goat groups was only observed 3 d prepartum. The bone formation marker osteocalcin was lower prepartum in the animals supplemented with anionic salts. The urinary pH was lower in the SA and GA animals, whereas urinary Ca concentrations were greater. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density decreased in all groups around parturition. In conclusion, this experiment showed that the addition of anionic salts in goats led to greater bone resorption rates while on this feeding regimen. It can be concluded that the anionic salts induced a mild metabolic acidosis with all its effects on calcium metabolism. These effects were not evident in milk sheep. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of diets supplemented with anionic salts on bone metabolism of dairy goats and sheep. Twelve Saanen goats and 12 Ostfrisean milk sheep (fourth lactation) were divided into 2 groups each [sheep control (SC), goat control (GC); sheep anionic salts (SA), goat anionic salts (GA)]. Each group was fed a different diet in the last 10 d of gestation. Groups SC and GC received a normal diet according to the requirements of goats and sheep in this stage of gestation. Groups SA and GA received supplemental anionic salts. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) was +524 (SC) and +515 (GC) vs. −163 (SA) and −164 (GA) mEq/kg of dry matter. Blood and urine samples were collected daily until parturition. Serum Ca, P, Mg, serum crosslaps (CTX), osteocalcin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (VITD), urinary pH, and urinary Ca concentrations were analyzed. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured with peripheral quantitative computer tomography. The bone resorption marker CTX showed significant differences between the animals supplemented with anionic salts and the control animals in goats, but not in sheep. The goats receiving anionic salts had greater CTX concentrations throughout the administration of the salts. In sheep, a difference was only observed on the day of parturition. Similar observations were made in VITD concentrations, although a significant difference between the goat groups was only observed 3 d prepartum. The bone formation marker osteocalcin was low...

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“…The study done by [67] is not included in the calculations, as they did not include a group receiving feed with a negative DCAD. In 2 of the studies [73] and [107] the milk fever incidence was zero among cows in the positive as well as negative DCAD group (RR = 1). Excluding these results from the calculations, the RR changes from 0.35 to 0.19.…”

Section: Acidifying Rations (Dietary Cation-anion Difference Dcad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…vary considerably between the different studies. For instance some studies included cows of second or first parity [73,107,70], whereas others [10,79,67,41,8,36,37,39] only included "high risk" cows (≥ third parity). The interpretation of Fig.…”

Section: Acidifying Rations (Dietary Cation-anion Difference Dcad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

Thilsing-Hansen¹,

Jørgensen²,

Østergaard³

2002

Acta Vet Scand

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Thilsing-Hansen T, Jørgensen RJ, Østergaard S: Milk fever control principles: A review. Acta vet. scand. 2002, 43, 1-19. -Three main preventive principles against milk fever were evaluated in this literature review, and the efficacy of each principle was estimated from the results of controlled investigations. Oral calcium drenching around calving apparently has a mean efficacy of 50%-60% in terms of milk fever prevention as well as prevention of milk fever relapse after intravenous treatment with calcium solutions. However, some drenches have been shown to cause lesions in the forestomacs. When using the DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) principle, feeding rations with a negative DCAD (measured as (Na + K) -(Cl + S)) significantly reduce the milk fever incidence. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a mean RR between 0.19 and 0.35 when rations with a negative versus positive DCAD are compared. The main drawback from the DCAD principle is a palatability problem. The principle of feeding rations low in calcium is highly efficient in milk fever prevention provided the calcium intake in the dry period is kept below 20 g per day. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a very low mean RR (between 0 and 0.20) (daily calcium intake below versus above 20 g/d). The main problem in implementing the low-Ca principle is difficulties in formulating rations sufficiently low in calcium when using commonly available feeds. The use of large doses of vitamin D metabolites and analogues for milk fever prevention is controversial. Due to toxicity problems and an almost total lack of recent studies on the subject this principle is not described in detail. A few management related issues were discussed briefly, and the following conclusions were made: It is important to supply the periparturient cow with sufficient magnesium to fulfil its needs, and to prevent the dry cows from being too fat. Available information on the influence of carbohydrate intake, and on the effect of the length of the dry period and prepartum milking, is at present insufficient to include these factors in control programmes. dairy cows; parturient hypocalcaemia; milk fever prevention.

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Effects of reducing dietary [(Na+ + K+) − (Cl− + SO4=] on the rate of calcium mobilisation by dairy cows at parturition

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Altering Dietary Cation-Anion Difference in Lactating Dairy Cows to Reduce Phosphorus Excretion to the Environment

Altering Dietary Cation-Anion Difference in Lactating Dairy Cows to Reduce Phosphorus Excretion to the Environment

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

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