Effects of Reducing Gas on Swelling and Iron Whisker Formation during the Reduction of Iron Oxide Compact

Wang, Haitao; Sohn, Hong Yong

doi:10.1002/srin.201200054

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Whisker is very common, it can be found in electronic components 23) and it can be produced during vapor deposition, 24) reduction of iron oxide 25) and cooling of wustite. 26) Some whiskers such as carbide, 27) nitride, 28) oxide, 29) et al are used for the preparation of composite materials due to their high elastic modulus and other characteristics, thereby improving the toughness of the material.…”

Section: The Bonding Effect Of Iron Whiskersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

et al. 2020

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The fluidized bed ironmaking technology has attracted the attention of many researchers for decades as a direct reduction ironmaking method with many advantages. This process has been applied as a pretreatment method in many non-blast furnace ironmaking processes. However, the sticking problem hindered its development greatly. Defining the essential cause of sticking, and fundamentally solving this problem are the key steps encountered by this process. The research works related to the prevention of sticking problem during fluidized bed reduction of fine iron ore are comprehensively summarized in this article. The causes of sticking, the influencing factors of sticking and the solution of sticking are firstly discussed, followed by the analysis on the possible development direction of future fluidized bed ironmaking technology.

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Section: The Bonding Effect Of Iron Whiskersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

et al. 2020

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“…Considering this, the collective effect of the differences in chemical composition and particle-size distribution on the swelling index cannot be determined. Nonetheless, swelling up to 20% is generally accepted as normal, and values higher than this is referred to as abnormal or catastrophic [35]. Furthermore, Seaton et al [36] referred to swelling indices between 20 and 27% as acceptable and normal.…”

Section: Tumble Index and Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Blast Furnace Sludge and Recycling of the Low-Zinc Fraction via Cold-bonded Briquettes

Andersson

Gullberg²,

Kullerstedt³

et al. 2019

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Depending on the operation of the blast furnace (BF), the main outlet of zinc from the furnace is more or less via the BF dust and sludge. As the dust is recycled to the BF, the sludge has to be de-zinced prior to recycling to prevent the accumulation of zinc in the BF. De-zincing and recycling of the low-zinc fraction via sinter have been reported. However, no research concerning recycling of upgraded BF sludge via cold-bonded briquettes has been performed. In the present study, a fine-grained BF sludge with low zinc content, generated by a BF operating on a ferrous burden of 100% pellets, was upgraded using the tornado process. The process simultaneously dried and separated the BF sludge into a high-zinc and a low-zinc fraction. The feasibility of recycling the low-zinc fraction to the BF using cold-bonded briquettes was studied on a laboratory-scale BF shaft simulator. On comparison with a reference briquette, the experiments indicated that 10 wt% of the upgraded BF sludge can be added to the briquette without negatively affecting the reducibility. Higher additions were found to render the briquette less reduced compared to the reference under test conditions corresponding to the central part of the BF. The strength of the briquettes was not compromised with the addition of the upgraded BF sludge, and a decision to study the briquettes in the LKAB experimental blast furnace was made in order to evaluate the behavior under actual BF conditions.

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“…Além disso, estes são maiores do que os formados pela mistura Ar-90%/H 2 -10%. Tal fato também é descrito por outros autores [15,16]. No caso da mistura Ar-90%/H 2 -10%, o teor de H 2 na mistura é maior do que o teor presente na mistura H 2 -75%/CO-25%.…”

Section: Caracterização Morfológica Das Pelotas Reduzidasunclassified

Estudo Da Morfologia De Pelotas De Minério De Ferro Reduzidas Por Agentes Gasosos

Rodrigues¹,

Junca²,

Restivo³

et al. 2015

TMM

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a Resumo O estudo da morfologia de pelotas é uma importante ferramenta para compreender possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na redução. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar três diferentes tipos de minérios e correlacionar a morfologia obtida na redução de pelotas fabricadas a partir destes minérios. A redução foi realizada em um forno tubular horizontal em 850°C em duas atmosferas redutoras. A primeira contendo hidrogênio e a segunda contendo hidrogênio + monóxido de carbono. Análise granulométrica, área superficial e difração de raios-X foram realizadas para a caracterização dos minérios. Microscópio eletrônico de varredura foi utilizado no estudo da morfologia das pelotas reduzidas. Os resultados mostraram que a diminuição da distribuição granulométrica do minério de pellet feed ocasiona um maior número de whisker. Além disso, foi observado que a presença de monóxido de carbono na mistura redutora proporcionou um menor número de poros e uma maior formação de whisker. Palavras-chave: Caracterização mineralógica; Caracterização morfológica; Pellet feed; Minério de ferro. AbstractThe study of pellets morphology is an important tool to understand possible mechanisms involved during its reduction reaction. Thus, the aim of this paper is characterize three different iron ores and correlate its morphology obtained after the complete reduction with its features. The reductions tests were accomplished in a horizontal tubular furnace at 850°C. Two reducing atmosphere were used. The first one contained hydrogen. The second one was a mixture between first gas + carbon monoxide. The iron ore characterization was carried out by size analysis, surface area and X-ray analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to obtain the morphology from the reduced pellets. The results showed a greater number of whisker were obtained with more fine ore. Furthermore, it was noted that carbon monoxide provided a lesser number of pores and greater number of whisker.

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Effects of Reducing Gas on Swelling and Iron Whisker Formation during the Reduction of Iron Oxide Compact

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

A Review on Prevention of Sticking during Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ore

Upgrading of Blast Furnace Sludge and Recycling of the Low-Zinc Fraction via Cold-bonded Briquettes

Estudo Da Morfologia De Pelotas De Minério De Ferro Reduzidas Por Agentes Gasosos

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