Effects of reducing growth rate via diet dilution on bone mineralization, performance and carcass yield of coccidia-infected broilers

Oikeh, Idiegberanoise; Sakkas, Panagiotis; Taylor, James; Giannenas, Ιlias; Blake, Damer P.; Kyriazakis, Ι.

doi:10.3382/ps/pez400

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…These results might signal poor bone mineral deposition early in rearing because it is stated that 90% of the skeleton of the broiler breeders is already developed at 11–13 wk of age (Ross Parent Stock Management Handbook, Aviagen, 2013 ). Nevertheless, results from this study are not congruent with those of Oikeh et al. (2019) , who found that broilers fed diluted diets with insoluble fiber and lignin (lignocellulose) improved femur BS and femur and tibia ash weights.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of fibrous diet and vitamin C inclusion on uniformity, carcass traits, skeletal strength, and behavior of broiler breeder pullets

et al. 2020

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This experiment studied the effect of broiler breeder nutritional strategies on uniformity, carcass traits, tibia parameters, and behavior during rearing and prebreeder periods (up to 22 wk of age). One-day-old pullets (n = 384) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial, with 2 fiber levels (control vs. fibrous diet, 15% diluted in AMEn and nutrient content) and 2 vitamin C feed inclusions (0 vs. 200 mg/kg). At 6, 15, and 22 wk, blood sampling was carried out (4 birds/replicate) to determine serum alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) levels, and behavior was observed by visual scan sampling. At 22 wk, carcass traits, tibia parameters, and intestinal morphology were assessed (2 birds/replicate), and tail- and wing-feather integrity of all birds were scored. Fibrous diet did not modify BW uniformity, mortality, or tibia growth when compared with control diet. Pullets fed the fibrous diet had lower tibia breaking strength, elastic modulus, and ash content values ( P < 0.05). They also had lower ALP serum level at 6 and 22 wk ( P < 0.05), their breast muscle was less developed (18.5 vs. 19.8%, P < 0.05), and their abdominal fat deposition was higher (1.14 vs. 0.87%, P < 0.05). At 15 and 22 wk, they performed, on average, 97% less grasping feather pecking and 45% less non–food object pecking behaviors, and their wing-feather score was lower ( P < 0.05) at 22 wk. Tail- and wing-feather scores of the control treatments were reduced by vitamin C inclusion (tail: 0.30 vs. 1.15, P < 0.05; wing: 0.98 vs. 1.26, P < 0.05) at 22 wk. In conclusion, fibrous diet improves carcass traits (reduces breast muscle and increases abdominal fat deposition), deteriorates bone mineral deposition and thus skeletal strength, and reduces stereotypic behaviors, improving wing-feather integrity. Vitamin C inclusion improves tail- and wing-feather integrity of lower in feed allowance.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of fibrous diet and vitamin C inclusion on uniformity, carcass traits, skeletal strength, and behavior of broiler breeder pullets

et al. 2020

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“…2019 ). Studies in broilers and laying hens have shown that feeding energy- and nutrient-reduced diets containing relatively high levels of lignocellulose of 10 to 15% clearly reduced body weight ( Oikeh et al., 2019 ; Röhe et al., 2019 ). Few studies showed that feeding diets supplemented with lignocellulose at lower inclusion levels of up to 2% had no effect on broiler performance ( Bogusławska-Tryk et al., 2015 ; Kheravii et al., 2017 ; Zeitz et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it becomes obvious that the inclusion level and particularly the nutrient content of diets are crucial factors influencing the performance of chickens. Feeding diets diluted with relatively high fiber inclusion levels could result in lower energy and nutrient intake of chickens, which impairs growth performance ( Oke and Oke, 2007 ; Oikeh et al., 2019 ; Röhe et al., 2019 ). On the other hand, chicken performance seems to be unaffected by relatively high dietary fiber inclusion levels when the diets are isoenergetic and isonitrogenous, as in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to poultry nutrition, the feeding of lignocellulose at inclusion levels below 1% could improve broiler performance ( Sarikhan et al., 2010 ; Makivic et al., 2019 ). However, other studies, using similar inclusion levels, showed that dietary lignocellulose had no impact ( Bogusławska-Tryk et al., 2015 ; Kheravii et al., 2017 ; Zeitz et al., 2019 ) or, by using higher inclusion levels, an adverse effect on performance parameters of chickens ( Oke and Oke, 2007 ; Oikeh et al., 2019 ; Röhe et al., 2019 ). There is a lack of studies investigating the impact of dietary lignocellulose on nutrient digestibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effect of feeding different levels of lignocellulose on performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta dry matter, and intestinal microbiota in slow growing broilers

et al. 2020

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Lignocellulose is a constituent of plant cell walls and might be used as a fiber source in poultry nutrition. The current study investigated the impact of increasing dietary levels of lignocellulose on performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta DM, intestinal microbiota, and bacterial metabolites in slow growing broilers. At an age of 10 wk, 60 male broilers of an intercross line (New Hampshire × White Leghorn) were allocated to cages and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 0.8% ( LC1 ), 5% ( LC2 ), or 10% ( LC3 ) lignocellulose. After 23 D of feeding, broilers were killed and digesta samples of ileum and excreta analyzed for nutrient digestibility and DM. Cecal contents were analyzed for microbial composition and metabolites. Broiler performance was not affected by feeding dietary lignocellulose. LC3 fed broilers showed reduced ileal digestibility of protein compared to chickens fed LC1 ( P = 0.003). Moreover, increasing levels of dietary lignocellulose reduced apparent digestibility of organic matter and gross energy ( P < 0.001). Feeding of lignocellulose had no impact on the excreta DM of broilers. Increasing levels of dietary lignocellulose lowered cecal counts of Escherichia / Hafnia / Shigella ( P = 0.029) and reduced the total concentration of short-chain fatty acids ( P < 0.001), lactate ( P < 0.05), and ammonia ( P = 0.009). The molar ratio of cecal acetic acid was higher in LC3 fed broilers ( P < 0.001), while the proportions of cecal propionic acid and n-butyric acid were higher in LC1 and LC2 fed chickens ( P < 0.001). Correlation analyses indicated that dietary lignocellulose was negatively related to the total concentration of cecal bacterial metabolites ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, the feeding of lignocellulose did not affect growth performance, but impaired nutrient digestibility of slow growing broilers. While minor changes in cecal microbial composition were detected, cecal bacterial metabolite concentrations were significantly reduced with increasing levels of dietary lignocellulose. These findings suggest that lignocellulose is not extensively degraded by bacteria residing in the large intestine of broilers.

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“…It was an interesting finding that dietary addition of whey at levels of 1 and 2% did not adversely affect tibiotarsus bone weight and breaking strength. The importance of retaining bone health is clear, as intensive genetic selection for performance in modern broilers has increased growth rate but at the same time has compromised skeletal development and integrity [42]. Skeletal problems, particularly those affecting leg bones are associated with chronic pain in broilers [43] and high prevalence of lameness causing substantial financial losses due limitations in access to feed [42,44].…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Whey on Performance, Gut Health and Bone Morphology Parameters in Broiler Chicks

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et al. 2020

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Whey is a highly nutritious byproduct of the cheese industry that can be used effectively in the animal feed industry. However, the use of whey in poultry diets is limited by its high lactose and mineral contents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of whey in poultry diets on the performance, intestinal microbiota and physico-chemical parameters of the intestinal ecosystem, as well as on the bone morphology and its strength in broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty-eight, day-old, male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups of 32 chicks each. The treatment groups were: group A, which served as negative control and groups B, C and D, supplemented with 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey, respectively. Performance of the groups was evaluated throughout the experiment. Following necropsies, the gastrointestinal tract from each bird was removed, divided into its anatomical parts and intestinal samples were taken for microbiological analysis and for pH and viscosity measurement as well. Tibiotarsus was also collected for morphometric analysis and strength evaluation. The statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed that the dietary supplementation of 1 and 2% of whey improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the body weight, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the body weight. Furthermore, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the pH of jejunum digesta and reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the pH of caecum digesta compared to the control group. The addition of 1 and 2% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in the jejunum and ileum digesta, compared to the addition of 5% of whey which reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in jejunum digesta but increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the viscosity in ileum digesta. Moreover, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the caecal counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus lactis, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the tibiotarsus length. It can be concluded that the addition of low quantities of whey up to 2% promoted the performance and gut health of birds, while the addition of higher quantities of whey at the level of 5% had a detrimental effect on the performance and tibiotarsus length.

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Effects of reducing growth rate via diet dilution on bone mineralization, performance and carcass yield of coccidia-infected broilers

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of fibrous diet and vitamin C inclusion on uniformity, carcass traits, skeletal strength, and behavior of broiler breeder pullets

Effect of fibrous diet and vitamin C inclusion on uniformity, carcass traits, skeletal strength, and behavior of broiler breeder pullets

Effect of feeding different levels of lignocellulose on performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta dry matter, and intestinal microbiota in slow growing broilers

The Effect of Whey on Performance, Gut Health and Bone Morphology Parameters in Broiler Chicks

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