Effects of Repeated Sensory Stimulation (Electro‐acupuncture) and Physical Exercise (Running) on Open‐field Behaviour and Concentrations of Neuropeptides in the Hippocampus in WKY and SHR rats

Bucinskaite, Violeta; Theodorsson, Elvar; Crumpton, Kevin; Stenfors, Carina; Ekblom, A.; Lundeberg, Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01221.x

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…NO has been suggested to mitigate the cerebral vasospasm [37]. EA plus running could increase the levels of neuropeptide Y, neurokinin A, and substance P in the hippocampus [38]. Neuropeptide Y can enhance neurogenesis [39], neurokinin A and substance P have been reported to initiate angiogenesis, and neurokinin A could also regulate the vascular tone and blood flow [40].…”

Section: The Potential Of Acupuncture For Secondary Prevention Of Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Hypertension for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: The Possible ‘Bridging Function' of Acupuncture

Zheng¹,

Han²,

Du³

et al. 2018

Complement Med Res

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Worldwide, stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension being an independent risk factor for a secondary stroke. Acupuncture for the treatment of hypertension gains more attention in alternative and complementary medicine, but the results are inconsistent. Few studies regarding the secondary prevention of stroke by managing hypertension with acupuncture have been carried out as there are some problems regarding the antihypertensive drug status in the secondary prevention of stroke. Still, the potential of acupuncture in regulating the blood pressure for secondary stroke prevention deserves our focus. This review is based on papers recorded in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, from their inception until March 28, 2017, and retrieved with the following search terms: hypertension and acupuncture, limited in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), stress-induced (or cold-induced) hypertensive or pre-hypertensive models. We find that, in these hypertensive animals, acupuncture could mainly influence factors related to the nervous system, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, cardiovascular function, and hemorheology, which are closely associated with the stroke outcome. This trend may give us a hint that acupuncture might well participate in the secondary prevention of stroke through these pathways when used in the management of hypertension.

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Section: The Potential Of Acupuncture For Secondary Prevention Of Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Hypertension for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: The Possible ‘Bridging Function' of Acupuncture

Zheng¹,

Han²,

Du³

et al. 2018

Complement Med Res

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“…Bucinskaite et al have previously reported on the effects of repeated electroacupuncture treatments on open-field behaviour and on hippocampal concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurokinin A (NKA), substance P (SP), galanin (GAL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivities (-LI) in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 6 Significantly higher concentrations of SP-LI, NKA-LI and NPY-LI were found in the hippocampus immediately after three weeks of electroacupuncture treatment. Changes in neuropeptide concentrations were similar in the two rat strains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some of the Effects of Acupuncture in Knee Pain May be Due to Activation of the Reward System

Lundeberg

2006

Acupunct Med

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Acupuncture is an ancient therapy with a variety of different explanatory models. A cascade of physiologic effects has been reported, both in the peripheral and the central nervous system, following the insertion of a needle. Clinical trials testing the specific claims of acupuncture have generally tried to focus on testing the efficacy of applying specific techniques and/or specified points. However, different conditions may respond differently to different modes of stimulation. Also, insertion of needles into the body can stimulate effects not dependent on the locations of stimulation. Recently, it was demonstrated that both superficial and deep needling (with de qi/Hibiki) resulted in amelioration of patellofemoral pain and an increased feeling of wellbeing. One area in the brain that is affected by acupuncture stimulation is the limbic system. The limbic system consists of a group of brain structures, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and their interconnections, and connections with the hypothalamus, septal area, and portions of the tegmentum. It contains many of the centres related to emotion and reward.The pleasurable aspect of the acupuncture experience has largely been ignored as it has been considered to be part of its antinociceptive effects. It has previously been reported that physical exercise and electroacupuncture in animals result in modulation of the peptidergic content in limbic structures. These results are supported by recent animal studies in Japan that have clearly demonstrated that acupuncture results in the activation of the reward system. These findings are supported by positron emission tomography studies in patients, which showed that the insula ipsilateral to the site of needling was activated, as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate and the midbrain.Taken together, these results suggest that acupuncture, as well as the patient's expectation and belief regarding a potentially beneficial treatment, modulate activity in the reward system.

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“…Bucinskaite Education, practice and debate in the two rat strains Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 84 Significantly higher concentrations of SP-LI, NKA-LI and NPY-LI were found in the hippocampus immediately after three weeks of electroacupuncture treatment compared to untreated animals with similar changes in neuropeptide concentrations in the two rat strains. Open-field behaviour was significantly reduced during the treatment period in both strains.…”

Section: Acupuncture Reward and Neuromodulationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Acupuncture – Self-Appraisal and the Reward System

2007

Self Cite

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Acupuncture is an ancient therapy with a variety of different explanatory models. Acascade of physiological effects has been reported, both in the peripheral and the central nervous system, following the insertion of a needle or light tapping of the skin. Clinical trials testing the specific claims of acupuncture have generally tried to focus on testing the efficacy of applying specific techniques and/or specified points. However, different conditions may respond differently to different modes of stimulation.Recently, it was demonstrated that both superficial and deep needling (with de qi/Hibiki) resulted in amelioration of patellofemoral pain and unpleasantness. The pleasurable aspect of the acupuncture experience has largely been ignored as it has been considered secondary to its pain alleviating effects. This aspect of acupuncture treatment is likely to be related to activation of self-appraisal and the reward system.When a patient seeks a therapist there are expectations of a specific effect. These expectations are partly based on self-relevant phenomena and self-referentia introspection and constitute the preference. Also, when asked about the effect of the treatment, processes that orientate pre-attentive anticipatory or mnemonic information and processes that mediate self-reflection and recollection are integrated together with sensory detection to enable a decision about the patient's perception of the effect of acupuncture treatment. These 'self-appraisal' processes are dependent on two integrated networks: a ventral medial prefrontal cortex-paralimbic-limbic 'affective' pathway and a dorsal medial prefrontal cortex-cortical-hippocampal 'cognitive' pathway.The limbic structures are implicated in the reward system and play a key role in most diseases and illness responses including chronic pain and depression, regulating mood and neuromodulatory responses (eg sensory, autonomic, and endocrine). The pleasurable and neuromodulatory aspects of acupuncture as well as 'placebo needling' may partly be explained by the activation or deactivation of limbic structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, and their connections with the hypothalamus.In patients with patellofemoral pain, the effects of superficial and deep needling remained for six months. These long term pain-alleviating effects have been attributed to activation of pain inhibiting systems in cortical and subcortical pathways. When considering long term effects the cortical-cerebellar system needs to be taken into account. The cortical-cerebellar system is probably central to the development of neural models that learn and eventually stimulate routinely executed (eg motor skills) and long term (eg pain alleviation) cognitive processes. These higher order cognitive processes are initially mediated in prefrontal cortical loci but later shift control iteratively to internal cerebellar representations of these processes. Possibly part of the long term healing effects of acupuncture may be attributed to changes in the cerebellar system thereby s...

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Effects of Repeated Sensory Stimulation (Electro‐acupuncture) and Physical Exercise (Running) on Open‐field Behaviour and Concentrations of Neuropeptides in the Hippocampus in WKY and SHR rats

Cited by 59 publications

References 43 publications

Regulation of Hypertension for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: The Possible ‘Bridging Function' of Acupuncture

Regulation of Hypertension for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: The Possible ‘Bridging Function' of Acupuncture

Some of the Effects of Acupuncture in Knee Pain May be Due to Activation of the Reward System

Acupuncture – Self-Appraisal and the Reward System

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