Effects of repetition and response deadline on item recognition in young and older adults

Light, Leah L.; Chung, Christie; Pendergrass, Regina; Ocker, Jeffrey C. Van

doi:10.3758/bf03193411

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This result obtains with study repetitions (Jacoby, 1999) and increased spacing of repetitions (Benjamin & Craik, 2001), and analogous results are apparent in plurality-reversal recognition (Light et al, 2006), associative recognition (Jones & Jacoby, 2001), and semantic false memory (Benjamin, 2001; Watson, McDermott, & Balota, 2004). …”

Section: Experiments 3: Nonmonotonic False-alarm Rate Functions In Excsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…This result also helps explain why younger subjects under deadlined conditions (Benjamin, 2001; Benjamin & Bjork, 2000; Benjamin & Craik, 2001; Light et al, 2004, 2006) exhibit qualitatively similar patterns to the elderly. It is not because such manipulations selectively affect recollection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…When this retrieval process is impaired, familiarity plays a larger role in memory judgments. Among its many successes, this theory provides the most straightforward explanation of why strength manipulations decrease exclusion errors in the young but increase them in older adults (Benjamin, 2001; Benjamin & Craik, 2001; Jacoby, 1999; Light et al, 2006). DRYAD challenges this theoretical suggestion by showing that this result can arise in a simpler system that presupposes no selective impairment.…”

Section: Theories That Postulate Selective Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tests of the DRYAD theory of the age-related deficit in memory for context: Not about context, and not about aging.

Benjamin

Diaz

Matzen

et al. 2012

Psychology and Aging

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Older adults exhibit a disproportionate deficit in their ability to recover contextual elements or source information about prior encounters with stimuli. A recent theoretical account, DRYAD (Benjamin, 2010), attributes this selective deficit to a global decrease in memory fidelity with age, moderated by weak representation of contextual information. The predictions of DRYAD are tested here in three experiments. We show that an age-related deficit obtains for whichever aspect of the stimulus subjects’ attention is directed away from during encoding (Experiment 1), suggesting a central role for attention in producing the age-related deficit in context. We also show that an analogous deficit can be elicited within young subjects with a manipulation of study time (Experiment 2), suggesting that any means of reducing memory fidelity yields an interaction of the same form as the age-related effect. Experiment 3 evaluates the critical prediction of DRYAD that endorsement probability in an exclusion task should vary nonmonotonically with memory strength. This prediction was confirmed by assessing the shape of the forgetting function in a continuous exclusion task. The results are consistent with the DRYAD account of aging and memory judgments and do not support the widely held view that aging entails the selective disruption of processes involved in encoding, storing, or retrieving contextual information.

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Section: Experiments 3: Nonmonotonic False-alarm Rate Functions In Excsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Theories That Postulate Selective Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tests of the DRYAD theory of the age-related deficit in memory for context: Not about context, and not about aging.

Benjamin

Diaz

Matzen

et al. 2012

Psychology and Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Enhancing lure familiarity increases rates of false alarms in older but not younger adults (Edmonds et al, 2012; Fandakova et al, 2013a, 2013b; Jacoby, 1999; Jones & Jacoby, 2005; note, however, that age-differences are not always found for familiarity or fluency-based memory illusions; see Thapar & Westerman, 2009). When younger adults are placed under time pressure to reduce their ability to use recollective strategies, they respond similarly to older adults (Jones and Jacoby, 2005; Light et al, 2006). Older adults with poor associative memory or executive functioning are particularly reliant on familiarity when making recognition decisions (Fandakova et al, 2013a; Parkin and Walter, 1992), consistent with a reduced availability of recollective information due to MTL and PFC decline.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of False Memory Formation With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

2016

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As we age we become increasingly susceptible to memory distortions and inaccuracies. Over the past decade numerous neuroimaging studies have attempted to illuminate the neural underpinnings of aging and false memory. Here we review these studies, and link their findings with those concerning the cognitive properties of age-related changes in memory accuracy. Collectively this evidence points towards a prominent role for age-related declines in medial temporal and prefrontal brain areas, and corresponding impairments in associative binding and strategic monitoring. A resulting cascade of cognitive changes contributes to the heightened vulnerability to false memories with age, including reduced recollective ability, a reliance on gist information and familiarity-based monitoring mechanisms, as well as a reduced ability to inhibit irrelevant information and erroneous binding of features between memory traces. We consider both theoretical and applied implications of research on aging and false memories, as well as questions remaining to be addressed in future research.

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“…Another possible way to improve older adults' associative memory is to increase the number of presentations for each pair. This method was explored by Light and her colleagues (Light et al, 2004;Light, Chung, Pendergrass, & Van Ocker, 2006) who repeated word pairs within a given study list and gave associative tests consisting of intact pairs, recombined pairs, and pairs of unstudied words. Light et al (2004) found that repetition increased hit rates for intact pairs in both younger and older adults, but it also impeded memory in older adults by increasing their false alarm rate to recombined pairs, which did not occur in younger adults under unconstrained time conditions.…”

Section: Remember/know Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of pair familiarity in the associative deficit of older adults

Kilb¹

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While aging causes relatively minor impairment in recognition memory for components, older adults' ability to remember associations between components is typically significantly compromised, relative to that of younger adults (see Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). Moreover, using dual process models of memory, Jennings & Jacoby (1997) have demonstrated that age differences are much larger for measures of recollection than for familiarity. Because older adults have intact use of familiarity, one possibility is that they rely too heavily on their familiarity of the components when making judgments about associations, causing them to mistakenly recognize novel pairings of familiar items. The purpose of the current study is to explore possible methods that allow older adults to capitalize on their intact familiarity in order to accurately remember pairings of information. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated this by unitizing two components of a pair such that the color information enables certain pairings to appear as one unit. In Experiments 3 and 4, participants were repeatedly presented with pairings prior to a study list so that the pairs were already familiar during the study phase. Remember/know judgments were collected in order to determine if any advantages in associative tests were related to reliance on familiarity or recollection. Evidence shows that both unitization and repetition increase associative memory in both younger and older adults. While recollection seems to mediate this effect in unitization, findings suggest that both familiarity and recollection are involved in enhancing associative memory via repetition.

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Effects of repetition and response deadline on item recognition in young and older adults

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Tests of the DRYAD theory of the age-related deficit in memory for context: Not about context, and not about aging.

Tests of the DRYAD theory of the age-related deficit in memory for context: Not about context, and not about aging.

False memories with age: Neural and cognitive underpinnings

Assessing the role of pair familiarity in the associative deficit of older adults

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