Effects of repetition and response deadline on associative recognition in young and older adults

Light, Leah L.; Patterson, Meredith M.; Chung, Christie; Healy, Michael R.

doi:10.3758/bf03196891

Cited by 108 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The present results provide support for the associative deficit hypothesis in older adults (e.g., Castel, 2007;Castel & Craik, 2003;Light et al, 2004;Naveh-Benjamin, 2000;Naveh-Benjamin, Guez, Klib, & Reedy, 2004;Naveh-Benjamin, Guez, & Shulman, 2004) and extends this concept to nonverbal, face materials. We 4 We also analyzed discriminability with face age entered as a factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This suggests that younger adults would be able to offset the effects of increased familiarity by means of recollection and would exhibit fewer false alarms to conjunctions of repeated items. Light et al (2004) reported data consistent with this prediction. In particular, those researchers had older and younger adults study word pairs presented one time or four times.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Subsequent research has supported the idea that older adults exhibit deficits in memory for associative information (e.g., Bastin & Van der Linden, 2006;Castel & Craik, 2003;Light, Patterson, Chung, & Healy, 2004;Naveh-Benjamin, Guez, Klib, & Reedy, 2004a;Naveh-Benjamin, Guez, & Shulman, 2004). However, the majority of the research has required participants to remember arbitrarily paired units of information, such as unrelated words (but see, e.g., Castel, 2005;Naveh-Benjamin, Guez, Klib & Reedy, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Associative recognition of face pairs by younger and older adults: The role of familiarity-based processing.

Rhodes

Castel²,

Jacoby³

2008

Psychology and Aging

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Previous research suggested that older adults have a specific impairment in remembering verbal associative information, but it is unclear how elaboration and familiarity might influence this deficit in situations that involve perceptual processing. In the present experiments, younger and older participants studied male-female pairs of faces. Participants were then administered an associative recognition test consisting of previously studied pairs, pairs that contained previously studied items that were not studied together (i.e., conjunction pairs), and entirely new pairs of faces, and participants were instructed to identify pairs that had been presented together at study. Overall, participants were successful at recognizing previously presented pairs but were highly likely to mistakenly endorse conjunction pairs. This pattern was more pronounced for older adults, especially when items were repeated at encoding. Such data suggest that memory for face pairs relies largely on the familiarity of each face and not on a more precise recollection of associative information.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associative recognition of face pairs by younger and older adults: The role of familiarity-based processing.

Rhodes

Castel²,

Jacoby³

2008

Psychology and Aging

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“…Instead, as suggested by TCM coupled with the associative deficit hypothesis, the younger adults' propensity to make a larger proportion of backward and remote intrusions to double-function pairs may be a natural consequence of intact item-context binding. The hypothesis that older adults are particularly impaired at item-context binding is also supported by evidence arguing for a greater effect of aging on recollection than on familiarity in recognition memory (Healy et al, 2005;Howard, Bessette-Symons, Zhang, & Hoyer, 2006;Light et al, 2004;Prull et al, 2006).Although older adults made disproportionately fewer associative intrusions than younger adults, this deficit was not due to an inability to generate responses. Consistent with previous findings, the older adults made more incorrect recalls (intrusions) than the younger adults (Kliegl & Lindenberger, 1993;Zacks, Radvansky, & Hasher, 1996;Balota et al, 1999; NavehBenjamin, 2000;Kahana et al, 2002Kahana et al, , 2005.…”

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confidence: 92%

Effects of age on contextually mediated associations in paired associate learning.

Provyn

Sliwinski

Howard

2007

Psychology and Aging

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Older and younger participants learned single-function lists of paired associates with no contextual overlap (e.g., J-K, L-M) and double-function lists of paired associates consisting of chains of pairs (e.g., A-B, B-C). Although younger adults out-performed older adults on both pair types, there was a robust pair-type by age interaction. Evidence from intrusion analyses argues that older adults performed better than would be expected on the contextually overlapping double-function pairs because they were less subject to response competition for the double-function pairs. Younger adults made a larger proportion of backward and remote intrusions to double-function probes than did older adults. Thus, group differences in both correct recall probabilities and intrusion analysis suggest that backward and transitive associations are sensitive to aging. The results are discussed within the theoretical framework of the temporal context model and the hypothesis that older adults are impaired at forming new item-context associations.Normal aging is correlated with a decline in memory abilities across cognitive tasks. The generalized slowing hypothesis suggests this is because all information processing is similarly affected by age (e.g. Brinley, 1965;Cerella, 1985Cerella, , 1991Cerella, , 1994Salthouse, 1985Salthouse, , 1991Salthouse, , 1996. Rather than a global memory impairment, however, domain specific hypotheses argue that various task domains are differentially affected by age-mediated slowing. For example, episodic memory, specifically associative learning, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of age (Light, 1991). Older adults consistently demonstrate an associative deficit across study material and test paradigms, including word-word tests (Naveh-Benjamin, 2000; NavehBenjamin, Hussain, Guez, & Bar-On, 2003), word-context tests (Naveh-Benjamin, 2000;Naveh-Benjamin et al., 2003), picture-picture tests (Naveh-Benjamin et al., 2003), patternlocation tests (Collie, Myers, Schnirman, Wood, & Maruff, 2002), and name-face tests (NavehBenjamin, Guez, Kilb, & Reedy, 2004). An age-related associative deficit has also been observed across testing methodologies, including tests of cued-recall (Naveh-Benjamin, 2000;Kliegl & Lindenberger, 1993), yes-no recognition (Naveh-Benjamin, 2000), forcedchoice recognition (Naveh-Benjamin et al., 2004), and associative recognition (Bastin & Van der Linden, 2006;Castel & Craik, 2003;Light, Patterson, Chung, & Healy, 2004;Healy, Light, & Chung, 2005;Prull, Dawes, Martin, Rosenberg, & Light, 2006). Additionally, in delayed and immediate free recall the temporal contiguity of study items exerted a weaker influence on older adults' recall transitions (Kahana, Howard, Zaromb, & Wingfield, 2002), suggesting that associations formed between nearby list items were weaker for older adults.The goal of this experiment is to examine age-mediated associative deficits in paired-associate learning (PAL), an episodic memory task in which pairs of unrelated items, e.g. ABSENCE-HOLLOW, are pre...

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“…There is overwhelming evidence that WM capacity decreases at a steady rate from about 20 years of age onwards (Brockmole & Logie, 2013;Salthouse & Babcock, 1991), and that this decline is greater for bindings than for item information (Cowan, Naveh-Benjamin, Kilb, & Saults, 2006;Peterson & Naveh-Benjamin, 2016. A large array of varied findings from item and associative recognition also indicates that the underlying cause of most age-related memory impairments is a decreased ability to form novel bindings (Ahmad, Fernandes, & Hockley, 2015;Buchler et al, 2011;Chalfonte & Johnson, 1996;Light, Patterson, Chung, & Healy, 2004). Our model suggests a causal link between the correlated decline in WM capacity and binding ability with age -forming new bindings requires WM resources and the decrease in WM capacity is responsible for the reduced ability to establish and store such bindings (Buchler et al, 2011).…”

Section: Binding Problems In Old Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Effects on Memory: A Resource-Limited Theory

Popov¹,

Reder²

2018

Preprint

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We present a review of frequency effects in memory, accompanied by a theory of memory, according to which the storage of new information in long-term memory (LTM) depletes a limited pool of working memory (WM) resources as an inverse function of item strength. We support the theory by showing that items with stronger representations in LTM (e.g. high frequency items) are easier to store, bind to context, and bind to one another; that WM resources are involved in storage and retrieval from LTM; that WM capacity is greater for stronger, more familiar stimuli. We present a novel analysis of preceding item strength, in which we show from eight existing studies that memory for an item is higher if during study it was preceded by a stronger item (e.g. a high frequency word; HF). This effect is cumulative (the more prior items are HF, the better), continuous (memory proportional to word frequency of preceding item), interacts with current item strength (larger for weaker items) and interacts with lag (decreases as the lag between the current and prior study item increases). A computational model that implements the theory is presented, which accounts for these effects. We discuss related phenomena that the model/theory can explain.

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Effects of repetition and response deadline on associative recognition in young and older adults

Cited by 108 publications

References 106 publications

Associative recognition of face pairs by younger and older adults: The role of familiarity-based processing.

Associative recognition of face pairs by younger and older adults: The role of familiarity-based processing.

Effects of age on contextually mediated associations in paired associate learning.

Frequency Effects on Memory: A Resource-Limited Theory

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