EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF CHITIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON EGG HATCH AND SUBSEQUENT LARVAL ENTRY OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

Abstract

Can. Ent. 116: 1041Ent. 116: -1049Ent. 116: (1984 A sequential egg-mass sample system for Douglas-fir tussock moth; Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), was designed, based on visual scanning of the lower branches of Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. A branch was removed from each quadrant from the upper, middle and lower crown level, and from the lowest whorl of a total of 59 non-defoliated trees in 10 areas. No consistent trend in egg-mass density per branch could be found between crown levels and no level proved superior as a representative of the tree. Therefore, the lower whorl of branches was selected for survey purposes because of sampling efficiency. Sample stop lines were determined from egg-mass density and variability data collected on 55 sites and subsequent defoliation estimates were related to these densities. The system is designed as an early detection tool to be used only in non-defoliated stands at the incipient stage of an impending outbreak. RburndUn plan d'Cchantillonnage sequentiel des masses d'oeufs de la chenille B houppes du ~o u~l a s (Orgyia pseud~tsugata McD.) a Ct C mis sur pied a partir de ~' o b s e~a t i o n visuelle des branches inferieures de Douglas taxifoliCs (Pseudotsuna menziesii (Mirb.). + -France). Dans chaque cadran, une branche a Ct C prClevCe dans le bas, le milieu et le haut de la cime et sur la plus basse verticelle de 59 arbres, dans 10 kgions. Comme aucune tendance nette de la densit6 des oeufs par branche n'a pu Ctre trouvte entre les diffkrents niveaux de la cime dans les peuplements infest&, on a choisi, pour plus de commoditC, les trois branches les plus basses comme unit6 dlCchantillonnage. Les donnkes techniques des Cchantillons ont Ct C dCtermin&s i partir des densitks et de la variabilitk observkes dans 55 stations, et les estimations de la dkfoliation subsCquente ont Ct C corrCltes a ces densitCs. Le plan est destink B la dCtection prCcoce du dCbut d'une infestation imrninente, uniquement dans les peuplements non dtfolits.

EFFECTS OF BENZOYLPHENYLUREA INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

“…Other workers (Austin and Hall 1981;Austin and Carter 1986) also have shown the persistence of diflubenzuron to be season long (until leaf fall) on apple foliage. Moffitt et al (1984) found that applications of diflubenzuron affected egg hatch of codling moth for up to 19 weeks. In a study on citrus in Florida, Nigg et al (1986) found that residues persisted for extended periods in cool dry weather but were lost from foliage faster in warmer weather.…”

A simple method to disperse eggs from lepidopteran scalelike egg masses and to observe embryogenesis

“…Chitin is known to function as a scaffold material in insects by supporting the cuticles of their epidermis, trachea and eggshells (Merzendorfer 2006; Moffitt et al . 1984). In addition to KOH and NaClO, as mentioned above, 1 × DAS buffer (moderately alkaline, 0.1 M Na 2 CO 3 , 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M EDTA, pH 11.0), benzalkonium chloride (a surfactant, 10% [W/V]; Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), lemosol (an organic solvent, D(+)‐limonene: 95.0+%; Wako, Osaka, Japan), proteinase K (which has protease activity, 220 mg/mL; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), lysing enzyme (which has β‐glucanase, cellulase, protease and chitinase activity, 20 mg/mL; Merck) and liquid nitrogen (as reported previously by Fukui et al .…”