Effects of Resistance and Combined training on Vascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

■ AbstractBACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Exercise can reduce the risk factors associated with CVD in T2D patients. However, research evaluating its beneficial effects in these patients has used different measurement protocols and types of exercise, complicating comparison. AIM: To assess the effects of resistance training (RT) and combined training (CT) on the vascular function of T2D patients. METHODS: A database search (MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) was performed to identify relevant articles that were published up to August 2017. Only original studies evaluating the effects of RT or CT interventions on vascular function in T2D patients were included. The articles were reviewed independently by at least three reviewers. The Cochrane guidelines were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Fourteen studies were finally included. Two studies only used RT and twelve studies used CT as intervention strategy. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: The results show that resistance training is a useful means for primary treatment of vascular diseases and maintenance of vascular function in T2D patients. However, more studies are necessary to gain full knowledge of the beneficial effects and to identify tailored exercise plans to optimize these benefits. The information provided in this review may help to improve current treatment of vascular diseases in T2D patients and to design future studies.

Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Endothelial Function in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

“…Our finding that exercise-based CR improves FMD in patients with CAD is in line with results of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses that included studies investigating patients affected by other pathologies 20 21 22 66 67 . Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effect of exercise training on endothelial function.…”

Resistance Exercise Training in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

“…RT interventions in older adults with known or suspected CVD demonstrated improvements in risk factors, including glucose tolerance, lipids and lipoproteins, insulin resistance, and resting BP. 15,58,59 A dose-response association has been demonstrated; higher training volumes (2–3 sets per exercise) and intensity (55%–80% of 1 repetition maximum [RM]), compared with lower volume (1 set per exercise) and intensity (<55% of 1-RM) resulted in greater reductions in total body fat mass and waist circumference 55,60 and enhanced muscle quality, mass, strength, and functional status. 20,54,60,61 Modifications to RT exercises should be considered on the basis of the health status and the presence of chronic health conditions.…”

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