Effects of resistance training and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Osuka, Yosuke; Kojima, Narumi; Wakaba, Kyohsuke; Miyauchi, Daiji; Tanaka, Kiyoji; Kim, Hunkyung

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025723

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The best approaches to treat sarcopenia or delay its progression over time are currently based on physical exercise and nutritional supplementation, with resistance training being the most useful tool for effectively preventing [62,63] and treating sarcopenia [64,65,66]. However, many older people are sedentary and either cannot (social barriers and family support) or do not want to exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Leucine Supplementation on Criteria for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

2019

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Objective: Treating sarcopenia remains a challenge, and nutritional interventions present promising approaches. We summarize the effects of leucine supplementation in treating older individuals with sarcopenia associated with aging or to specific disorders, and we focus on the effect of leucine supplementation on various sarcopenia criteria, e.g., muscular strength, lean mass, and physical performance. Methods: A literature search for articles related to this topic was performed on the relevant databases, e.g., the PubMed/Medline, Embase, EBSCO, Cochrane, Lilacs, and Dialnet. The identified articles were reviewed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Of the 163 articles we consulted, 23 met our inclusion criteria, analysing the effect of leucine or leucine-enriched protein in the treatment of sarcopenia, and 13 of these studies were based on randomized and placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). In overall terms, the published results show that administration of leucine or leucine-enriched proteins (range 1.2–6 g leucine/day) is well-tolerated and significantly improves sarcopenia in elderly individuals, mainly by improving lean muscle-mass content and in this case most protocols also include vitamin D co-administration. The effect of muscular strength showed mix results, and the effect on physical performance has seldom been studied. For sarcopenia-associated with specific disorders, the most promising effects of leucine supplementation are reported for the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients and in those with liver cirrhosis. Further placebo-controlled trials will be necessary to determine the effects of leucine and to evaluate sarcopenia with the criteria recommended by official Working Groups, thereby limiting the variability of methodological issues for sarcopenia measurement across studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Leucine Supplementation on Criteria for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

2019

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“…Thus, it seems that HMB supplementation in addition to exercise would be particularly effective to optimize physical rehabilitation treatments and accelerate mobility recovery in frail people and muscle wasting conditions. Although evidence supporting the positive impact of HMB to enhance exercise training adaptations and increase health benefits in frail or sarcopenic people is lacking, the results of ongoing clinical trials [54,55,56] will likely provide additional evidence in the near future to support treatment choices for older people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation in Addition to Physical Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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Both regular exercise training and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation are shown as effective treatments to delay or reverse frailty and reduce cognitive impairment in older people. However, there is very little evidence on the true benefits of combining both strategies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of exercise in addition to HMB supplementation, on physical and cognitive health in older adults. Data from 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of HMB supplementation and physical function in adults aged 50 years or older were analyzed, involving 384 participants. Results showed that HMB supplementation in addition to physical exercise has no or fairly low impact in improving body composition, muscle strength, or physical performance in adults aged 50 to 80 years, compared to exercise alone. There is a gap of knowledge on the beneficial effects of HMB combined with exercise to preserve cognitive functions in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Future RCTs are needed to refine treatment choices combining HMB and exercises for older people in particular populations, ages, and health status. Specifically, interventions in older adults aged 80 years or older, with cognitive impairment, frailty, or limited mobility are required.

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“…The advantage of the present study design is that it can easily be implemented in the nursing homes during periods when exercise is neither possible nor feasible, or simply when residents do not wish to exercise. Even the best approaches for treating sarcopenia or delaying its progression over time are currently based on both physical exercise and nutritional supplementation [27,28,[62][63][64]; our RCT demonstrated that this nutritional intervention does not negatively affect the rate of loss in skeletal muscle, but does improve physical performance and respiratory muscle function, which could also be significantly beneficial for institutionalized individuals who present with a huge burden of comorbidities and functional impairments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of Leucine Administration in Sarcopenia: A Randomized and Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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Treating sarcopenia in older individuals remains a challenge, and nutritional interventions present promising approaches in individuals that perform limited physical exercise. We assessed the efficacy of leucine administration to evaluate whether the regular intake of this essential amino acid can improve muscle mass, muscle strength and functional performance and respiratory muscle function in institutionalized older individuals. The study was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind design in fifty participants aged 65 and over (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03831399). The participants were randomized to a parallel group intervention of 13 weeks’ duration with a daily intake of leucine (6 g/day) or placebo (lactose, 6 g/day). The primary outcome was to study the effect on sarcopenia and respiratory muscle function. The secondary outcomes were changes in the geriatric evaluation scales, such as cognitive function, functional impairment and nutritional assessments. We also evaluated whether leucine administration alters blood analytical parameters and inflammatory markers. Administration of leucine was well-tolerated and significantly improves some criteria of sarcopenia in elderly individuals such as functional performance measured by walking time (p = 0.011), and improved lean mass index. For respiratory muscle function, the leucine-treated group improved significantly (p = 0.026) in maximum static expiratory force compared to the placebo. No significant effects on functional impairment, cognitive function or nutritional assessment, inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha were observed after leucine administration compared to the placebo. The use of l-leucine supplementation can have some beneficial effects on sarcopenia and could be considered for the treatment of sarcopenia in older individuals.

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Effects of resistance training and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Beneficial Effects of Leucine Supplementation on Criteria for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

Beneficial Effects of Leucine Supplementation on Criteria for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

Health Benefits of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation in Addition to Physical Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Effects of Leucine Administration in Sarcopenia: A Randomized and Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

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