Effects of respiratory apparatus on breathing pattern

Askanazi, Jeffrey; Silverberg, Peter A.; Foster, Robert J.; Hyman, Allen I.; Milic–Emili, J.; Kinney, J. M.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1980.48.4.577

Cited by 268 publications

(146 citation statements)

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“…Respiratory apparatus is known to influence breathing patterns with tidal volumes increasing more with a face mask than with a mouthpiece and noseclip [29]. Although this was not formally measured in the present study, it was noted that children tended to breathe more deeply and rapidly through the face mask.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

How should airways resistance be measured in young children: mask or mouthpiece?

Child¹,

Clayton²,

Davies³

et al. 2001

Eur Respir J

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The reproducibility and acceptability of airways resistance measurements using the interrupter technique (MicroRint) obtained using a mouthpiece were compared with those using a face mask.Fifty children aged 4 -7 yrs performed four sets of six Rint measurements; two using a mouthpiece and two using a face mask with integral mouthpiece.Complete data were obtained from 45 (90%) children using the mouthpiece and 43 (86%) children using the mask. The two methods were equally repeatable with comparable intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation. Mean Rint values obtained using the mouthpiece were significantly lower than those using the face mask ((mean¡SD) mouthpiece~0.81¡0.18 kPa?L -1 ?s, mask~0.88¡0.24 kPa?L -1 ?s p~0.0002). Although the mean paired differences between the two methods were small (0.07 kPa?L -1 ?s), the ICC and limits of agreement confirmed that the two methods could not be used interchangeably. Sixty-seven per cent of children preferred the face mask but this was more time-consuming (p~0.03). Children did not produce more repeatable results using their preferred method, nor did they improve with practice.Repeatable airway resistance measurements using the interrupter technique can be obtained from young children using either a mouthpiece or a face mask, but there are significant clinical and statistical differences between the results obtained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

How should airways resistance be measured in young children: mask or mouthpiece?

Child¹,

Clayton²,

Davies³

et al. 2001

Eur Respir J

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“…First, an obvious difference between mask wear and non-wear is respiratory dead space. It has been shown, in horses 7,14,18 and humans, 26 that increased dead space during exercise results in increased VT but not necessarily reduced fR, 3 resulting in variable effects on alveolar ventilation. This altered breathing pattern is thought to be a consequence of increased PaCO2 secondary to end-tidal re-breathing, mediated via a chemoreceptor reflex 26 or as a result of sensory stimulation of the face, mouth and nose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3,13,15,28 The aim of this study was therefore to compare incremental exercise test performance, physiological response and perceived exertion of subjects with and without a RGC facemask and flow sensor system.…”

Section: 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental exercise test performance with and without a respiratory gas collection system

Clark¹

2017

S. Afr. j. sports med

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IntroductionExercise testing with respiratory gas collection (RGC) and analysis during indirect calorimetry has long been a routine procedure in exercise physiology laboratories, enabling the simultaneous measureorIgInal research arTIcle abstract objective. Despite their widespread use in exercise testing, few data are available on the effect of wearing respiratory gas collection (RGC) systems on exercise test performance. Industrial-type mask wear is thought to impair exercise performance through increased respiratory dead space, flow resistance and/or discomfort when compared with RGC facemasks, but whether performance decrements exist for RGC facemask wear versus non-wear is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in incremental exercise test performance with and without a RGC system. Incremental exercise test performance with and without a respiratory gas collection system corresPonDence:James James r clark (Bsc (hons), (Ba (hons))Institute for Sport Research, Department of Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences, University of Pretoria Design. Twenty moderately active males (age 21.0 ± 1.9 years; VO2peak 55.9 ± 3.0 ml•kg -1 •min -1 ) performed two progressive treadmill tests to volitional exhaustion. In random order subjects ran with (MASK) or without (NO-MASK) a RGC facemask and flow sensor connected to a gas analyzer. Descriptive data (mean ± SD) were determined for all parameters. The Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired differences was used to assess mean differences between MASK and NO-MASK conditions.results. Exercise time to exhaustion, peak treadmill speed, peak blood lactate concentration, peak heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were not different (p>0.05) between MASK and NO-MASK conditions.conclusions. Incremental exercise test performance is not adversely affected by RGC and analysis equipment, at least in short duration progressive treadmill exercise. Respiratory gas analysis during exercise testing for diagnostic, performance assessment or training prescription purposes would appear to be unaffected by RGC systems.

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“…In addition, devices that accurately measure flow at the mouth also alter the breathing pattern and minute ventilation. [15][16][17][18] Instead we measured flow with a tracheal microphone, which is a reasonably accurate method. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The tracheal sound amplitude during normal breathing was significantly lower than during deep breathing, which is objective evidence that the patients were taking deeper breaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crackle Pitch and Rate Do Not Vary Significantly During a Single Automated-Auscultation Session in Patients With Pneumonia, Congestive Heart Failure, or Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

2011

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OBJECTIVE:To determine the variability of crackle pitch and crackle rate during a single automated-auscultation session with a computerized 16-channel lung-sound analyzer. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with pneumonia, 52 with congestive heart failure (CHF), and 18 with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) performed breathing maneuvers in the following sequence: normal breathing, deep breathing, cough several times; deep breathing, vital-capacity maneuver, and deep breathing. From the auscultation recordings we measured the crackle pitch and crackle rate. RESULTS: Crackle pitch variability, expressed as a percentage of the average crackle pitch, was small in all patients and in all maneuvers: pneumonia 11%, CHF 11%, pulmonary fibrosis 7%. Crackle rate variability was also small: pneumonia 31%, CHF 32%, IPF 24%. Compared to the first deepbreathing maneuver (100%), the average crackle pitch did not significantly change following coughing (pneumonia 100%, CHF 103%, IPF 100%), the vital-capacity maneuver (pneumonia 100%, CHF 92%, IPF 104%), or during quiet breathing (pneumonia 97%, CHF 100%, IPF 104%). Similarly, the average crackle rate did not change significantly following coughing (pneumonia 105%, CHF 110%, IPF 90%) or the vital-capacity maneuver (pneumonia 102%, CHF 101%, IPF 99%). However, during normal breathing the crackle rate was significantly lower in the patients with pneumonia (74%, P < .001) and significantly higher in the patients with IPF (147%, P < .05) than it was during deep breathing. In patients with CHF the average crackle rate during normal breathing was not significantly different from that during the first deep-breathing maneuver (108%). CONCLUSIONS: Crackle pitch and rate were surprisingly stable in all 3 conditions. Neither crackle pitch nor crackle rate changed significantly from breath to breath or from one deepbreathing maneuver to another, even when the maneuvers were separated by cough or the vitalcapacity maneuver. The observation that crackle rate is a reproducible measurement during one automated-auscultation session suggests that crackle rate can be used to follow the course of cardiopulmonary illnesses such as pneumonia, IPF, and CHF.

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Effects of respiratory apparatus on breathing pattern

Cited by 268 publications

References 0 publications

How should airways resistance be measured in young children: mask or mouthpiece?

How should airways resistance be measured in young children: mask or mouthpiece?

Incremental exercise test performance with and without a respiratory gas collection system

Crackle Pitch and Rate Do Not Vary Significantly During a Single Automated-Auscultation Session in Patients With Pneumonia, Congestive Heart Failure, or Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

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