Effects of respiratory time ratio on heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity

Wang, Yong Ping; Kuo, Terry B.J.; Lai, Chun Ting; Chu, Jui Wen; Yang, Cheryl C.H.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00163.2013

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Pairwise contrasts: p < .05 compared with a breathing at 0.1 Hz without load, b breathing at 0.1 Hz with the load of 5 cmH 2 O | 9 of 13 GHOLAMREZAEI Et AL. Tzeng, Sin, Lucas, & Ainslie, 2009;Wang, Kuo, Lai, Chu, & Yang, 2013). In our study, baroreflex sensitivity was not further increased by using the loads, which may be due either to a ceiling effect or to the frequency-dependent nature of the baroreflex (Horsman et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity has been shown by several studies to increase during instructed SDB (Frederiks et al, ; Joseph et al, ; Rosengård‐Bärlund et al, ; Tzeng, Sin, Lucas, & Ainslie, ; Wang, Kuo, Lai, Chu, & Yang, ). In our study, baroreflex sensitivity was not further increased by using the loads, which may be due either to a ceiling effect or to the frequency‐dependent nature of the baroreflex (Horsman et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of inspiratory threshold load on cardiovascular responses to controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz

et al. 2019

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Slow, deep breathing is being used as a self‐management intervention for various health conditions including pain and hypertension. Stimulation of the arterial baroreceptors and increased vagal modulation are among the proposed mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of slow, deep breathing. We investigated whether adding inspiratory threshold load can enhance the cardiovascular responses to controlled breathing at the frequency of 0.1 Hz, a common form of slow, deep breathing. Healthy volunteers (N = 29) performed controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz (6 breaths/minute) without load and with inspiratory threshold loads of 5 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O. Respiratory airflow, heart rate, and blood pressure were continuously recorded. The amplitude of the systolic blood pressure variation during respiratory cycles increased with increasing loads. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was higher during controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz with the load of 10 cmH2O compared to without load. Baroreflex sensitivity was not affected by loads. The effect of loads on respiratory sinus arrhythmia was mediated by increasing the amplitude of systolic blood pressure variation during respiratory cycles. These results suggest that applying small inspiratory threshold loads during controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz increases cardiac vagal modulation by this breathing exercise. This effect seems to be mediated by stronger stimulation of the arterial baroreceptors because of larger systolic blood pressure swings along the respiratory cycle. The potential benefit of long‐term practice of controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz with inspiratory threshold loads on baroreflex function and cardiac vagal control needs to be investigated, particularly in pain and hypertension patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of inspiratory threshold load on cardiovascular responses to controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz

et al. 2019

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“…In the present study, we used 1:1 inhalation/exhalation ratio; however, a study by Wang, Kuo, Lai, Chu, and Yang (2013) showed that during slow breathing exhalation tends to be longer than inhalation. Furthermore, it has been shown that inhalation/exhalation ratio influences affective arousal (Cappo & Holmes, 1984;Van Diest et al, 2014).…”

Section: Limitations and Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation

Szulczewski

Rynkiewicz

2018

Psychophysiology

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The present study aimed to investigate changes induced by breathing at 0.1 Hz in affective state, cardiovascular activity, and adequacy of ventilation as well as the relation between changes in peripheral physiological processes and alteration of affect. Eighty-three participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Two groups doing paced breathing at 0.1 Hz, one with and the other without a cover story hiding the goal of the experiment, and, as a control, paced breathing at 0.28 Hz. We measured the effects of breathing at 0.1 Hz on affective state (unpleasant and pleasant arousals), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), sympathetic control of the heart (preejection period, PEP), and adequacy of ventilation as measured by partial pressure of end-tidal CO (PetCO ). The use of a cover story did not influence the effects of paced breathing on the study outcomes. In the 0.1 Hz groups, unpleasant arousal decreased only among men. Changes in RSA were not related to changes in affect. Respiratory frequency did not influence PEP. However, changes in PEP were inversely related to changes in pleasant arousal. PetCO decreased in all conditions, and a larger drop in PetCO predicted a greater decrease in unpleasant arousal. The results obtained corroborate previous findings showing that slow paced breathing may lead to moderate hyperventilation among untrained participants and suggest that hyperventilation during breathing at 0.1 Hz is not deep enough to produce an increase in affective arousal.

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“…The changes in parameters characterizing breathing patterns could influence cardiorespiratory conjunction33. In this context, slow breathing can affect the low-frequency band34. These alterations in breathing pattern characterize resting conditions as well as cognitive or emotional activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a non-invasive index of ‘brain-heart’ interaction in stress

Tonhajzerová¹,

Mestanik²,

Mestanikova³

et al. 2016

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is accepted as a peripheral marker of cardiac-linked parasympathetic regulation. According to polyvagal theory, the RSA is also considered as the index of emotion regulation. The neurovisceral integration model posits that parasympathetic modulation of the heart marked by RSA is related to complex nervous regulation associated with emotional and cognitive processing. From this perspective, high resting RSA amplitude associated with a greater withdrawal during stressors and subsequent recovery could represent a flexible and adaptive physiological response system to a challenge. Conversely, low resting RSA accompanied by an inadequate reactivity to stress might reflect maladaptive regulatory mechanisms. The RSA reactivity is different with various types of stressors: while the RSA decreases to cognitive tasks indicating a vagal withdrawal, the RSA magnitude increases to emotional challenge indicating an effective cognitive processing of emotional stimuli. The RSA reactivity to stress could have important implications for several mental disorders, e.g. depressive or anxiety disorder. It seems that the study of the RSA, as a non-invasive index of ‘brain-heart’ communication, could provide important information on the pathway linked to mental and physical health.

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Effects of respiratory time ratio on heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

Influence of inspiratory threshold load on cardiovascular responses to controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz

Influence of inspiratory threshold load on cardiovascular responses to controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz

The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a non-invasive index of ‘brain-heart’ interaction in stress

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