Effects of Resting vs. Continuous Blood-Flow Restriction-Training on Strength, Fatigue Resistance, Muscle Thickness, and Perceived Discomfort

Schwiete, Carsten; Franz, Alexander; Roth, Christian; Behringer, Michael

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.663665

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Pressure volume in the present study was 120 mmHg, which was approximately 90%-100% of the arterial blood pressure. Previous studies examining BFR during rest intervals have been conducted on approximately 80%-130% (about 90-180 mmHg) of arterial or dorsal blood pressure (Okita et al, 2019;Schwiete et al, 2021;Teixeira et al, 2018Teixeira et al, , 2021; pressure volume did not differ significantly thus in this study. It is, therefore, expected that pain will be alleviated by lowering pressure volume in BFR during rest intervals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…two times) was different (Okita et al, 2019;Schwiete et al, 2021), while BFR performed in this study was the same (rBFR; four times, 90 s and eBFR; four times, about 80 s). In particular, pain levels observed in this study were not affected by BFR time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recent studies have been establishing a novel BFR approach during rest intervals. BFR during rest intervals has been shown to be comparable to continuous BFR or BFR during exercise regarding its effects on maximum muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, muscle endurance while causing less pain or discomfort (Schwiete et al, 2021; Teixeira et al, 2021). BFR during rest intervals is a beneficial approach of BFR training as it induces training effects without affecting the exerciser adversely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of low‐intensity exercise with blood flow restriction during rest intervals on muscle function and perception

Tanaka

Kubota

Nozu

et al. 2022

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Purpose We assessed the effects of low‐intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) during rest intervals on recovery of muscle function and pain during exercise and rest intervals. Methods Participants were 10 males and study arms of the participants were randomly assigned into three conditions; low‐intensity exercise with BFR during rest intervals (rBFR), low‐intensity exercise with BFR during exercise (eBFR) and low‐intensity exercise only (EO). The exercise task was elbow flexion until repetition failure at 30% of 1 RM and cuff pressure was 120 mmHg. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and the muscle endurance (ME) were measured pre, post, 1, 24 and 48 h after the exercise. Pain during exercise and rest intervals were evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale. Results MVIC and ME significantly decreased after exercise in all conditions. Pain during exercise was lower in rBFR (4.2 ± 2.9) (p = 0.007) and EO (4.4 ± 2.7) (p = 0.014) conditions compared to eBFR condition (6.7 ± 1.7), but the pain during rest intervals was more intense in rBFR condition (5.2 ± 1.6) compared to eBFR (1.5 ± 1.4) and EO (1.7 ± 1.2) conditions (p < 0.001). Conclusion We discovered that recovery of muscle function was the same as BFR during rest intervals and BFR during exercise. Also, our results suggested that BFR itself may cause the perception of pain. Future studies are thus required to investigate the optimal dosage focusing on the pressure volume and intensity used in BFR during intervals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of low‐intensity exercise with blood flow restriction during rest intervals on muscle function and perception

Tanaka

Kubota

Nozu

et al. 2022

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…Ischemia used in athletic training and rehabilitation is the temporary restriction of blood flow to the arms or legs through external compression ( Eltzschig and Eckle, 2011 ; Schwiete et al, 2021 ). This compression is usually induced by inflatable cuffs or elastic bands which are wrapped around the proximal parts of the upper or lower limbs ( Loenneke et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many methods of using ischemia as part of physical activity, such as continuous ischemia (used during exercise and rest periods) ( Wilk et al, 2020b ), intermittent ischemia (used only during exercise) ( Wilk et al, 2020d , e ), pre-conditioning ischemia (used before exercise) ( Telles et al, 2020 ) and intra-conditioning (used only during the rest periods) ( Wilk et al, 2021b ). The use of ischemia during exercise, apart from inducing physiological responses, may be accompanied by high ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort or even pain among practitioners ( Wernbom et al, 2006 ; Neto et al, 2018 ; Schwiete et al, 2021 ). A way to reduce this discomfort may be to reduce the time during which ischemia is applied, by using it only in the rest intervals between sets of resistance exercise ( Yasuda et al, 2015 ; Freitas et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Wilk et al, 2021b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Ischemia During Rest Intervals on Bar Velocity in the Bench Press Exercise With Different External Loads

et al. 2021

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The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of ischemia used during rest periods on bar velocity changes during the bench press exercise at progressive loads, from 20 to 90% of 1RM. Ten healthy resistance trained men volunteered for the study (age = 26.3 ± 4.7 years; body mass = 89.8 ± 6.3 kg; bench press 1RM = 142.5 ± 16.9 kg; training experience = 7.8 ± 2.7 years). During the experimental sessions the subjects performed the bench press exercise under two different conditions, in a randomized and counterbalanced order: (a) ischemia condition, with ischemia applied before the first set and during every rest periods between sets, and (b) control condition where no ischemia was applied. During each experimental session eight sets of the bench press exercise were performed, against loads starting from 20 to 90% 1RM, increased progressively by 10% in each subsequent set. A 3-min rest interval between sets was used. For ischemia condition the cuffs was applied 3 min before the first set and during every rest period between sets. Ischemia was released during exercise. The cuff pressure was set to ∼80% of full arterial occlusion pressure. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant interaction effect for peak bar velocity (p = 0.04) and for mean bar velocity (p = 0.01). There was also a statistically significant main effect of condition for peak bar velocity (p < 0.01) but not for mean bar velocity (p = 0.25). The post hoc analysis for interaction showed significantly higher peak bar velocity for the ischemia condition compared to control at a load of 20% 1RM (p = 0.007) and at a load of 50% 1RM (p = 0.006). The results of the present study indicate that ischemia used before each set even for a brief duration of <3 min, has positive effects on peak bar velocity at light loads, but it is insufficient to induce such effect on higher loads.

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Effects of muscle fatigue on exercise-induced hamstring muscle damage: a three-armed randomized controlled trial

et al. 2023

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Purpose Hamstring injuries in soccer reportedly increase towards the end of the matches’ halves as well as with increased match frequency in combination with short rest periods, possibly due to acute or residual fatigue. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and residual muscle fatigue on exercise-induced hamstring muscle damage. Methods A three-armed randomized-controlled trial, including 24 resistance-trained males, was performed allocating subjects to either a training group with acute muscle fatigue + eccentric exercise (AF/ECC); residual muscle fatigue + eccentric exercise (RF/ECC) or a control group with only eccentric exercise (ECC). Muscle stiffness, thickness, contractility, peak torque, range of motion, pain perception, and creatine kinase were assessed as muscle damage markers pre, post, 1 h post, and on the consecutive three days. Results Significant group × time interactions were revealed for muscle thickness (p = 0.02) and muscle contractility parameters radial displacement (Dm) and contraction velocity (Vc) (both p = 0.01), with larger changes in the ECC group (partial η2 = 0.4). Peak torque dropped by an average of 22% in all groups; stiffness only changed in the RF/ECC group (p = 0.04). Muscle work during the damage protocol was lower for AF/ECC than for ECC and RF/ECC (p = 0.005). Conclusion Hamstring muscle damage was comparable between the three groups. However, the AF/ECC group resulted in the same amount of muscle damage while accumulating significantly less muscle work during the protocol of the damage exercise. Trial registration This study was preregistered in the international trial registration platform (WHO; registration number: DRKS00025243).

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Effects of Resting vs. Continuous Blood-Flow Restriction-Training on Strength, Fatigue Resistance, Muscle Thickness, and Perceived Discomfort

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of low‐intensity exercise with blood flow restriction during rest intervals on muscle function and perception

Effect of low‐intensity exercise with blood flow restriction during rest intervals on muscle function and perception

The Effects of Ischemia During Rest Intervals on Bar Velocity in the Bench Press Exercise With Different External Loads

Effects of muscle fatigue on exercise-induced hamstring muscle damage: a three-armed randomized controlled trial

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