Effects of reward and stimulus modality on stimulus‐preceding negativity

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reward and stimulus modality of feedback stimuli on the stimulus-preceding negativity. A time estimation task was performed, and (a) the motivational level (reward and no-reward) and (b) the stimulus modality (auditory and visual) of feedback stimuli were manipulated. The results demonstrated that the stimulus-preceding negativity was larger in the reward than in the no-reward condition, especially at the right frontal and the left occipito-temporal areas. Moreover, the stimulus-preceding negativity prior to visual feedback stimuli was larger over the occipital areas than in the auditory condition. In contrast, at the prefrontal areas, the amplitude prior to auditory feedback stimuli was larger than in the visual condition. Our results revealed that the prefeedback stimulus-preceding negativity was independently influenced by stimulus modality and motivation.

Stimulus-Preceding Negativity and heart rate changes in anticipation of affective pictures

“…The other paradigms employed in the literature are based on the delivery of a monetary reward (Kotani et al, 2001(Kotani et al, , 2003Ohgami et al, 2004) or a punishment consisting of noise or painful stimuli, associated with the feedback about a previously performed task (Kotani et al, 2001) or following the presentation of a symbolic threat cue (Baas et al, 2002;Böcker et al, 2001). The results of these studies consistently indicate that the SPN is larger in reward than in no-reward conditions and in anticipation of a shock/noise presentation as compared with a neutral condition.…”

“…The SPN has been identified by presenting an emotional stimulus (usually a picture) as S2, which was signaled by a neutral stimulus, such as a tone (Amrhein et al, 2005;Klorman and Ryan, 1980;Lumsden et al, 1986;Simons et al, 1979), by employing a threat-of-shock paradigm in which a threat cue was associated with the possibility of an electric shock delivery (Baas et al, 2002;Böcker et al, 2001), and by manipulating the emotional valence of a feedback about a previously performed task (usually a time estimation task) by means of rewards or punishments (Kotani et al, 2001(Kotani et al, , 2003Ohgami et al, 2004). When visual emotional stimuli were employed as S2, only single comparisons have been assessed, i.e.…”

Anticipation process of the human brain measured by stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN)

“…For example, when participants anticipate an auditory stimulus that conveys salient information, the SPN amplitude at the fronto-temporal area is increased. On the other hand, if participants anticipate a visual stimulus, the SPN amplitude at the occipital area is increased 25,26) . The scalp potential distribution of the SPN also varies according to the stimulus modality 25) .…”

“…On the other hand, if participants anticipate a visual stimulus, the SPN amplitude at the occipital area is increased 25,26) . The scalp potential distribution of the SPN also varies according to the stimulus modality 25) . As mentioned above, the right anterior insula activates other brain regions, and this region is a source of the SPN.…”

“…In addition to the ON-OFF switching function, the right anterior insula has a function that modulates and activates other brain regions based on the modality of stimulus conveying salient information 24) . Regarding stimulus modality, the SPN amplitude can also vary with stimulus modality of the anticipated stimulus 25,26) . For example, when participants anticipate an auditory stimulus that conveys salient information, the SPN amplitude at the fronto-temporal area is increased.…”