Effects of rhinencephalic lesions on conditioning of avoidance responses in the rat.

Thomas, Garth J.; Otis, Leon S.

doi:10.1037/h0040524

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the absence of such a code, the rabbit would have no means at its disposal ior performance of selective, stimulus-cued, discriminative behavior. This interpretation is consistent with a substantial number of studies with rats and cats as subjects, indicating that lesions in cingulate cortex impair severely the acquisition of aversively motivated conditioned responding to a unimodal, discrete CS (Eckersdorf, 1974;Kimble & Gostnell, 1968;Lubar & Perachio, 1965;McCleary, 1961;Thomas & Otis, 1958;Thomas & Slotnick, 1962;Trafton, 1967;Trafton, Filbey. & Johnson, 1969;Ursin, Linck, & McCleary, 1969).…”

Section: Behavioral Relevance Of the Neuronal Activitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Early and late acquisition of discriminative neuronal activity during differential conditioning in rabbits: Specificity within the laminae of cingulate cortex and the anteroventral thalamus.

Foster

Orona²,

Lambert³

et al. 1980

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Multiple-unit activity of the cingulate cortex and the anteroventral (AV) nucleus of the thalamus was recorded during discriminative conditioning of an avoidance response (locomotion) in rabbits The results indicated a greater unit response in cingulate cortex to the positive conditional stimulus (CS+; a tone paired with a footshock unconditional stimulus [UCS]) relative to the negative conditional stimulus (CS-; a tone randomly interspersed with the positive stimuli but never paired with the UCS). The majority ol neuronal records obtained from the deep laminae (V and VI) of cingulate cortex manifested first neuronal discrimination in the session of first exposure to conditioning. However, the majority of neuronal records of the superficial laminae (I-IV) showed first discrimination at a late stage of training, during the session in which the criterion of behavioral discrimination was met. The late developing discriminative activity of the superficial laminae was coincident with the late developing discriminative activity of the AV thalamus Once acquired, neuronal discrimination in cortex persisted throughout 600 msec after CS onset, and during six sessions of training (overtraining) beyond criterion Analysis of individual neuronal records suggested that the persistence during overtraining resulted from replacement of early fading neuronal discriminations by late neuronal discriminations.A major strategy for gaining knowledge (CS) paired with a footshock unconditional about the neural substrates of conditioning stimulus (UCS) during instrumental avoidand learning involves study of the neuronal ance conditioning. The neuronal response correlates of classical and instrumental did not occur at a comparable magnitude to conditioning in intact, behaving animals generalization stimuli presented after be-

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Section: Behavioral Relevance Of the Neuronal Activitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Early and late acquisition of discriminative neuronal activity during differential conditioning in rabbits: Specificity within the laminae of cingulate cortex and the anteroventral thalamus.

Foster

Orona²,

Lambert³

et al. 1980

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…It is interesting to note that lesions in anatomically related parts of the limbic system produce similarly complex effects on avoidance behavior. Hippocampal, as well as septal, lesions have been reported to facilitate (Isaacson et al, 1961;McCleary, 1966), have no effect on (Brady, Schreiner, Geller, & Kling, 1954;Lubar, 1964), or inhibit (Hamilton, 1972;Thomas & Otis, 1958) avoidance behavior in various test situations, and the procedural or situational variables responsible for the observed differences are not readily apparent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some behavioral effects of entorhinal cortex lesions in the albino rat.

Ross¹,

Walsh²,

Grossman³

1973

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Rats with lesions in the entorhinal cortex (a) were hyperactive in a novel open field and in activity wheels, (6) were less responsive to punishment than controls, and (c) showed complex changes in several avoidance behaviors. Mild hyperphagia was observed only when the lesions extended into the subiculum. The results support the idea that the entorhinal cortex mayrelay information from the cingulate cortex and olfactory areas to the hippocampus but also suggest that entorhinal-midbrain connections that have been demonstrated in other species may serve important functions in the rat.

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“…Results from the present experiment with cingulate stimulation might be closely related to the fact that cingulectomized Ss are capable of delaying their responses for much longer periods of time than normal Ss, (Stamm, 1964), or to those studies which find deficient active avoidance behavior with cingulate lesions (McCleary, 1961;Peretz, 1960;Thomas & Otis, 1958).…”

Section: Diseussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Temporal discrimination in rats during continuous brain stimulation

Kaplan

1965

Psychon Sci

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Ab8traetRats with electrodes in either the septal region or anterior cingulate cortex received mild continuous electrical stimulation after having previously mastered a DRL-15 reinforcement contingency. Septal stimulation produced a pronounced disruption in DRL performance. Anterior cingulate stimulation had no deleterious effect, but resulted in a shift to longer interresponse times. Proble ..From the time Kaada (1951) reported differential somato-motor and autonomic effects from stimulating either anterior subcallosal or anterior cingulate areas, investigators have looked for behavioral correlates of these effects. In experiments with lesioned cats, McCleary (1961) found behavioral differences between these two areas in passive and active avoidance tasks, and on the basis of his results he postulated the involvement of the subcallosal cortex (septal area) in a circuit mediating response inhibition. If response inhibition is a general phenomenon in which the septal area plays an integral role, results obtained by using aversive techniques, such as those employed by McCleary, should also hold up for situations involving positive reinforcement. The operant schedule of reinforcement labelled DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates) appears to be an ideal situation for measuring response inhibition, while at the same time eliminating the noxious element. On this reinforcement schedule, S receives a reward only if he has refrained from responding for a predetermined delay period. If he responds during the delay, the timers reset and he will not receive a reward again until he has delayed for the correct length of time .The present experiment, using this operant technique, was designed to further clarify the roles of the septal area and the anterior cingulate cortex in response suppression. SubjectsSs were l4 experimentally naive male hooded rats: eight with . electrodes implanted in the septal area, and six with electrodes implanted in the anterior cingulate cortex. Proe ..... r@On the sixth day following surgery, Ss were put on a food deprivation schedule. They were given enough food in the form of dry lab blocks, once per day on three consecutive days, for their weights to stabilize to about 85-90% of their free feeding weights. After testing began, each S received three blocks of lab chow following each experimental session. Water was present in the individual home cages at all times, as well as in the testing apparatus during food reinforcement.On the tenth postoperative day, Ss were trained to press a lever in order to obtain a 45 mg pellet of food, and on the following day each S remained on this continuous schedule for 100 lever presses. DRL training commenced on the twelfth postoperative day, and Ss were trained by progressively increasing the delay intervals. Under this P'Ychon. Sci., 1965, Vol. 2. Joel Kaplan ALLAN MEMORIAL INSTITUTE, MCGILL UNIJlERSITYprocedure S was started at a 5 sec. delay (DRL-5), an. d was stepped up by 2 sec. increments when he had successfully attained 50% rewarded responses o...

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Effects of rhinencephalic lesions on conditioning of avoidance responses in the rat.

Cited by 43 publications

References 8 publications

Early and late acquisition of discriminative neuronal activity during differential conditioning in rabbits: Specificity within the laminae of cingulate cortex and the anteroventral thalamus.

Early and late acquisition of discriminative neuronal activity during differential conditioning in rabbits: Specificity within the laminae of cingulate cortex and the anteroventral thalamus.

Some behavioral effects of entorhinal cortex lesions in the albino rat.

Temporal discrimination in rats during continuous brain stimulation

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