Effects of rice husk biochar in minimizing ammonia volatilization from urea fertilizer applied under waterlogged condition

Selvarajh, Gunavathy; Ch’ng, Huck Ywih; Zain, Norhafizah Md

doi:10.3934/agrfood.2021010

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A possible explanation for the lower NH4 + levels in the soil profile with the urea application may be theoretically related to the greater N loss by volatilization of NH3 + . Although we did not determine NH3 + flows in our studies, there are reports in the literature that report losses of 38% to 44% by NH3 + volatilization from urea [46,47]. On the other hand, there are several studies that report a reduction in NH3 + volatilization and higher NH4 + contents in the presence of biochar, whether incorporated into the soil or in the form of a nitrogen fertilizer based on biochar [48,49].…”

Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 64%

Activated Biochar-Based Organomineral Fertilizer Delays Nitrogen Release and Reduces N2O Emission

et al. 2022

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Leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions can represent substantial nitrogen (N) losses from chemical fertilizers, and slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) can mitigate these effects. Thus, biochar can be an alternative from an agronomic and environmental point of view to synthesize SRFs due to its physicochemical characteristics. We investigated the effect of nitrogenous organomineral fertilizers (OMF-N) formulated based on activated biochar on N losses by leaching and N2O emissions. The OMF-N were developed from a dry mechanical pelleting process with different biochar and urea proportions (2:1; 1:2, and 1:4). Three experiments were conducted using four fertilizer sources (urea, OMF-N 2:1, OMF-N 1:2, and OMF-N 1:4): i. to analyze the kinetics of N release from OMF-N at times: 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min; ii. for N2O emission analysis determined at 3, 6, 10, 14, 24, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 104, and 118 days after application to the soil; and iii. for a double factorial design that was adopted to analyze N leaching, consisting of the combination of applying 160 kg N ha−1 of fertilizers in PVC columns at different depths (20, 40, 60, and 80 cm) and analyzed at five times (1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). FTIR spectroscopic analysis, specific surface area, porosity, and surface morphology showed physicochemical interactions of N of the OMF with biochar; the N from the OMF interacts physically and chemically binds to the functional surfaces of biochar, delaying the dissolution flow. The OMF-N proved capable of retaining 48% to 60% more NH4+ and reduced the release of Ntotal from urea from 27% to 60%, as well as reduced N2O emissions from 47% to 66%. Although absolute CO2 emissions intensified with the application of OMF-N, its use provides C sequestration in the soil to due to the recalcitrant C of the biochar, which results in a positive input-output balance in the system. The NO3− concentration profiles revealed that the OMF-N application was able to reduce leaching in the soil to a depth of 80 cm. These studies enabled better understanding of the processes involved in the biochar:urea interaction and revealed that biochar can be used as an organic matrix in the synthesis of SRF.

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Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 64%

Activated Biochar-Based Organomineral Fertilizer Delays Nitrogen Release and Reduces N2O Emission

et al. 2022

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“…Then biochar was dried and stored in a big container for further use. The activation of biochar with chicken slurry was essential to increase the pore size further, alter the surface area, and increases the nutrient content [24,25]. The analysis conducted for biochar characterization is similar to those of the aforementioned characterizations of soil and rice straw.…”

Section: Rice Straw Biochar Production and Activationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Enhancing Soil Nitrogen Availability and Rice Growth by Using Urea Fertilizer Amended with Rice Straw Biochar

Selvarajh

Ch’ng

2021

Agronomy

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Urea fertilizer as a nitrogen source is used widely and globally. However, N loss through ammonia volatilization from applied urea has become a major drawback to agriculture. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of rice straw biochar on (1) total N, soil exchangeable NH4+, and available NO3− (2) uptake of N, P, and K in rice plants. The treatments evaluated were: (S: Soil only, U: soil + 175 kg ha−1 urea, B1: soil + 175 kg ha−1 urea + 5 t ha−1 rice straw biochar, B2: soil + 175 kg ha−1 urea + 10 t ha−1 rice straw biochar, CB1: 50% soil + 50% commercial biochar potting media and CB2: 100% commercial biochar potting media). The addition of rice straw biochar at 5–10 t ha−1 in the pot experiment significantly increased the soil total N availability by 33.33–46.67%. Treatments B1 and B2 also had significantly increased exchangeable NH4+, NO3−, P, and K in the soil over U. The soil availability nutrients increment in soil was attributed to the higher adsorption capacity of the rice straw biochar. Increment in soil nutrient availability such as N, P, and K increased the plant height, tiller number, greenness, and panicle number because of effective rice plant absorption. This resulted in dry matter production increment in line with plant nutrient uptake and use efficiency. Rice straw biochar at 5–10 t ha−1 can improve the productivity of rice plants by increasing N retention in soil.

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“…After cooling, the biochar was soaked with 5% chicken slurry for 7 days to further enhance the biochar nutrients, which later were dried and stored in a big container for further use. It has been stated that enrichment of biochar by using chicken slurry will further enhance the biochar surface area, porosity, and nutrient content (Selvarajh et al 2020a(Selvarajh et al , 2021.…”

Section: Biochar Production and Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched rice straw biochar improves soil nitrogen availability and rice plant growth under waterlogged environment

Selvarajh,

Ch’ng,

Zain

et al. 2023

Bragantia

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Ammonia volatilisation causes major nitrogen losses from the soil and applied urea which results in low urea-N usage efficiency.Incubation experiment and pot experiment were conducted to assess the effect of enriched rice straw biochar on ammonia volatilisation, soil pH, exchangeable ammonium, available nitrate, and rice plant growth in comparison to the urea without additives under waterlogged conditions. During the incubation study, urea was amended with different rates of enriched rice straw biochar (5, 10, 15, and 20 t •ha -1 ). Urea amended with biochar at 5 to 10 t•ha -1 had successfully minimized ammonia loss compared to urea without biochar. Besides, application rate of 5 to 10 t•ha -1 of biochar also preserved more ammonium ions (65.37% and 66.54%, respectively), while at the same time, the retention of nitrate ions was 50.9% and 45.3% over urea without biochar. Similarly, 5 to 10 t•ha -1 of enriched rice straw biochar increased soil N level and improved rice plant growth significantly in pot experiment. Precisely, incorporation of enriched rice straw biochar at rate of 5 and 10 t•ha -1 offers wide variety benefits to soil amendments and rice plant nutrient uptake. Hence, the findings suggest that urea amended with enriched rice straw biochar altered the nutrients level in soil by improving rice plant growth.

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Effects of rice husk biochar in minimizing ammonia volatilization from urea fertilizer applied under waterlogged condition

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Activated Biochar-Based Organomineral Fertilizer Delays Nitrogen Release and Reduces N2O Emission

Activated Biochar-Based Organomineral Fertilizer Delays Nitrogen Release and Reduces N2O Emission

Enhancing Soil Nitrogen Availability and Rice Growth by Using Urea Fertilizer Amended with Rice Straw Biochar

Enriched rice straw biochar improves soil nitrogen availability and rice plant growth under waterlogged environment

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