Effects of rigorous emission controls on reducing ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China

Li, Jing; Wu, Rongrong; Li, Yaqi; Hao, Yufang; Xie, Shaodong; Zeng, Liming

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.140

Cited by 91 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Alkanes accounted for the largest proportions (49.8-55.8 %), followed by alkenes (21.5-24.7 %), acetylene (13.5-15.9 %), and aromatics (9.3-10.7 %). The proportion order of alkenes, acetylene, and aromatics obtained by this study in winter was different from that reported by previous studies in summer Li et al, 2016), which was probably due to the different sources (e.g., additional domestic coal combustion in winter) for atmospheric NMHCs in Beijing between the two seasons. The 10 most prevalent NMHCs measured in this study are presented in Table 3 for comparison with those from the cities in China.…”

Section: The Levels and Variation Characteristics Of Nmhcs During Thecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The major components of atmospheric NMHCs in Beijing city were found to be alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics, and the relatively high proportions of alkenes and aromatics have been suspected to be responsible for formation of O 3 and SOA Sun et al, 2016). Based on the model of positive matrix factorization (PMF), several studies also investigated the major sources and their contributions to atmospheric NMHCs in Beijing city: transportation-related sources (32-46 %), paint and solvent use and industry (18-30 %), and solvent utilization (8-14 %) were found to be the major sources for atmospheric NMHCs in summer Li et al, 2016), while vehicle exhaust (26-39 %) and coal combustion (35-41 %) were the dominant sources in winter . However, most studies mainly focused on summertime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

Liu

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds (NMHCs) were measured at a sampling site in Beijing city from 15 December 2015 to 14 January 2016 to recognize their pollution levels, variation characteristics, and sources. We quantified 53 NMHCs, and the proportions of alkanes, alkenes, acetylene, and aromatics to the total NMHCs were 49. 8-55.8, 21.5-24.7, 13.5-15.9, and 9.3-10.7 %, respectively. The variation trends in the NMHC concentrations were basically identical and exhibited remarkable fluctuation, which was mainly ascribed to the variation in meteorological conditions, especially wind speed. The diurnal variations in NMHCs on clear days exhibited two peaks during the morning and evening rush hours, whereas the rush hours' peaks diminished or even disappeared on the haze days, implying that the relative contribution of the vehicular emissions to atmospheric NMHCs depended on the pollution status. Two evident peaks of the propane / propene ratios appeared in the early morning before sun rise and at noontime on clear days, whereas only one peak occurred in the afternoon during the haze days, which were attributed to the relatively fast reactions of propene with OH, NO 3 , and O 3 . Based on the chemical kinetic equations, the daytime OH concentrations were calculated to be in the range of 3.47 × 10 5 -1.04 × 10 6 molecules cm −3 on clear days and 6.42×10 5 -2.35×10 6 molecules cm −3 on haze days. The nighttime NO 3 concentrations were calculated to be in the range of 2.82 × 10 9 -4.86 × 10 9 molecules cm −3 on clear days. The correlation coefficients of typical hydrocarbon pairs (benzene / toluene, o-xylene / m,p-xylene, isopentane / n-pentane, etc.) revealed that vehicular emissions and coal combustion were important sources for atmospheric NMHCs in Beijing during the wintertime. Five major emission sources for atmospheric NMHCs in Beijing during the wintertime were further identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF), including gasoline-related emissions (gasoline exhaust and evaporation), coal combustion, diesel exhaust, acetylene-related emissions, and consumer and household products. Coal combustion (probably domestic coal combustion) was found to make the greatest contribution (29.6-33.4 %) to atmospheric NMHCs during haze days.

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Section: The Levels and Variation Characteristics Of Nmhcs During Thecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

Liu

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are precursors to ozone (O 3 ) and particulate matter (PM), play a critical role in air quality. VOCs are emitted from motor vehicles, chemical manufacturing facilities, refineries, factories, consumer and commercial products, biogenic sources, among numerous other sources [2–7]. Pollutants in outdoor air also affect indoor air quality (IAQ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and modeling study of visible light responsive photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) materials for toluene degradation

Zhong

Brancho

Batterman

et al. 2017

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Only limited research has examined the development and application of visible light responsive photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), although such materials have great potential for mitigating concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when applied to building surfaces. This study evaluates the performance and characteristics of a visible light responsive photocatalyst, specially, a co-alloyed TiNbON compound with a band energy of 2.3 eV. The PCO material was developed using urea-glass synthesis, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods, and VOC removal efficiency was measured under visible light for toluene (1–5 ppm) at room temperature (21.5°C) and a range of relative humidity (RH: 25 to 65%), flow rate (0.78 to 7.84 cm/s), and irradiance (42 to 95 W/m2). A systematic parametric evaluation of kinetic parameters was conducted. In addition, we compared TiNbON with a commercial TiO2-based material under black light, estimated TiNbON’s long-term durability and stability, and tested its ability to thermally regenerate. Using mass transfer and kinetic analysis, three different Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) type reaction rate expressions were proposed and evaluated. A LH model considering one active site and competitive sorption of toluene and water was superior to others. The visible-light driven catalyst was able to remove up to 58 % of the toluene, generated less formaldehyde than the commercial TiO2, could be fully regenerated at 150°C, and had reasonable durability and stability. This evaluation of TiNbON shows the potential to remove VOCs and improve air quality for indoor applications. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential for harmful by-products, to identify optimal conditions, and to use field tests to show real-world performance.

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“…In addition, vehicle emission exhaust has become a growing source of volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions [1,2]. Among the VOC pollutants, particular research and environmental attention has been given to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers (o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) (BTEX).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity of Long-Term Occupational Exposure to Low Levels of BTEX in Gas Station Workers

Xiong

Zhou

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Atmospheric benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) can lead to multiple health injuries. However, what remains uncertain is the effect of long-term exposure to low levels of BTEX. Thus, we determined the BTEX levels in the air from the refueling and office areas in gas stations. Then we collected workers’ (200 refueling vs. 52 office workers) peripheral blood samples to analyze the serum total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. DNA damage was analyzed by the comet assay and micronucleus test in buccal epithelial cells. We found that the levels of BTEX in refueling areas were significantly higher than those in office areas (p < 0.001). The serum T-SOD and GSH of refueling workers were significantly lower than those in office workers (p < 0.001). By contrast, the serum MDA and 8-OHdG of refueling workers were significantly higher than those of office workers (p < 0.001, MDA; p = 0.025, 8-OHdG). Furthermore, tail and Olive tail moments in refueling workers were longer (p = 0.004, tail moment; p = 0.001, Olive tail moment), and the micronucleus rate was higher (p < 0.001) than those in office workers. Taken together, long-term exposure to low levels of BTEX may reduce the antioxidant ability and increase the risk of DNA damage in refueling workers of gas stations.

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Effects of rigorous emission controls on reducing ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China

Cited by 91 publications

References 25 publications

The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

Experimental and modeling study of visible light responsive photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) materials for toluene degradation

Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity of Long-Term Occupational Exposure to Low Levels of BTEX in Gas Station Workers

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