Effects of risperidone, amisulpride and nicotine on eye movement control and their modulation by schizotypy

Schmechtig, Anne; Lees, Jane; Dawson, G. D.; Dourish, C T; Craig, KJ; Deakin, Jfw; Wilkinson, Lawrence S.; Williams, Steven; Ettinger, Ulrich

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1292540

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…146,147 Applying the high schizotypy approach in an exploration of the validity of this model system it was recently shown that (1) WM impairments in high schizotypy were partly alleviated by amisulpride 148 and (2) risperidone impaired antisaccade performance in medium schizotypal controls, whereas high schizotypals showed a numeric trend towards improvement. 149 These recent data suggest that it may be possible to apply the schizotypy approach in drug development. 19 The methodological advantages of a schizotypy model system include the ready availability of participants that are recruited using relatively inexpensive, reliable and objective psychometric questionnaires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition and Brain Function in Schizotypy: A Selective Review

Ettinger

Möhr

Gooding

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Bulletin

214

184

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Schizotypy refers to a set of personality traits thought to reflect the subclinical expression of the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we review the cognitive and brain functional profile associated with high questionnaire scores in schizotypy. We discuss empirical evidence from the domains of perception, attention, memory, imagery and representation, language, and motor control. Perceptual deficits occur early and across various modalities. While the neural mechanisms underlying visual impairments may be linked to magnocellular dysfunction, further effects may be seen downstream in higher cognitive functions. Cognitive deficits are observed in inhibitory control, selective and sustained attention, incidental learning, and memory. In concordance with the cognitive nature of many of the aberrations of schizotypy, higher levels of schizotypy are associated with enhanced vividness and better performance on tasks of mental rotation. Language deficits seem most pronounced in higher-level processes. Finally, higher levels of schizotypy are associated with reduced performance on oculomotor tasks, resembling the impairments seen in schizophrenia. Some of these deficits are accompanied by reduced brain activation, akin to the pattern of hypoactivations in schizophrenia spectrum individuals. We conclude that schizotypy is a construct with apparent phenomenological overlap with schizophrenia and stable interindividual differences that covary with performance on a wide range of perceptual, cognitive, and motor tasks known to be impaired in schizophrenia. The importance of these findings lies not only in providing a fine-grained neurocognitive characterization of a personality constellation known to be associated with real-life impairments, but also in generating hypotheses concerning the aetiology of schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition and Brain Function in Schizotypy: A Selective Review

Ettinger

Möhr

Gooding

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Bulletin

214

184

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“…Additionally, an 11 C‐raclopride PET study observed that individuals with high levels of negative schizotypy showed greater stress‐induced dopamine release than controls or individuals with positive schizotypy [Soliman et al, ]. Finally, challenge studies using dopamine D2/D3 receptor blockers have shown differential cognitive responses in individuals with high schizotypy compared to medium‐schizotypy controls [Koychev et al, ; Schmechtig et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of schizotypy with striatocortical functional connectivity and its asymmetry in healthy adults

Wang

Ettinger

Meindl³

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Altered striatocortical functional connectivity has been suggested to be a trait marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including schizotypal personality. In the present study, we examined the association between schizotypal personality traits and striatocortical functional connectivity in a sample of healthy adults. The German version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire was obtained from N 5 111 participants recruited from the general public. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at 3T. Six striatal seed regions in each hemisphere were defined and striatocortical resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) as well as its lateralization indices was calculated. Regression analysis showed that schizotypy scores, especially from the positive dimension, were positively correlated with rsFC between ventral striatum and frontal cortex and negatively associated with rsFC between dorsal striatum and posterior cingulate. No significant associations were found between negative dimension schizotypy and striatocortical rsFC. We also found positive correlations between schizotypy total scores and lateralization index of right dorsal caudate and right rostral putamen. In conclusion, the present study extends previous evidence of altered striatocortical rsFC in the schizophrenia spectrum. The observed associations resemble in part the alterations observed in psychotic patients and their relatives, providing support for dimensionality Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.

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“…Nineteen studies 65,72,75,82,84,87,90,94,95,99,101,[115][116][117][119][120][121][122][123] including 2605 participants were included. There was no significant effect of overall schizotypy on inhibition, yielding an average effect size of g = 0.15 (z = 1.79, P = .07).…”

Section: Overall Schizotypymentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schizotypy With Dimensions of Cognitive Control: A Meta-Analysis

Steffens

Meyhöfer

Faßbender

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Schizotypy is defined as a time-stable multidimensional personality trait consisting of positive, negative, and disorganized facets. Schizotypy is considered as a model system of psychosis, as there is considerable overlap between the 2 constructs. High schizotypy is associated with subtle but fairly widespread cognitive alterations, which include poorer performance in tasks measuring cognitive control. Similar but more pronounced impairments in cognitive control have been described extensively in psychosis. We here sought to provide a quantitative estimation of the effect size of impairments in schizotypy in the updating, shifting, and inhibition dimensions of cognitive control. We included studies of healthy adults from both general population and college samples, which used either categorical or correlative designs. Negative schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.32) and updating (g = 0.11). Positive schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.18). There were no significant associations between schizotypy and inhibition. The divergence in results for positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy emphasizes the importance of examining relationships between cognition and the facets of schizotypy rather than using the overall score. Our findings also underline the importance of more detailed research to further understand and define this complex personality construct, which will also be of importance when applying schizotypy as a model system for psychosis.

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Effects of risperidone, amisulpride and nicotine on eye movement control and their modulation by schizotypy

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Cognition and Brain Function in Schizotypy: A Selective Review

Cognition and Brain Function in Schizotypy: A Selective Review

Association of schizotypy with striatocortical functional connectivity and its asymmetry in healthy adults

Association of Schizotypy With Dimensions of Cognitive Control: A Meta-Analysis

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