Effects of road grade on real-world tailpipe emissions of regulated gaseous pollutants and volatile organic compounds for a Euro 5 motorcycle

Yang, Hsi-Hsien; Dhital, Narayan Babu; Cheruiyot, Nicholas Kiprotich; Wang, Lin‐Chi; Wang, Shixiong

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2021.101167

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, for the car, the exhaust flow rate was calculated using the intake air mass flow rate obtained from the onboard diagnostics of the car and the air-fuel ratio obtained from the Horiba gas analyzer. The detailed method of the flow calculation is described elsewhere [ 22 ]. Furthermore, the Horiba gas analyzer removes moisture from the exhaust sample before measuring the gas concentrations (measurement on a dry basis).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the Horiba gas analyzer removes moisture from the exhaust sample before measuring the gas concentrations (measurement on a dry basis). Therefore, a dry-to-wet correction was applied to the second-by-second gas concentration data obtained from the analyzer before the calculation of emission factors [ 22 , 23 ]. The detailed method of dry-to-wet correction has been described in the authors’ prior study [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a dry-to-wet correction was applied to the second-by-second gas concentration data obtained from the analyzer before the calculation of emission factors [ 22 , 23 ]. The detailed method of dry-to-wet correction has been described in the authors’ prior study [ 22 ]. Moisture correction factors ranged from 0.86 ± 0.00 (mean ± standard deviation, SD) to 0.96 ± 0.02 for different real-world emission test samples with data shown in the Supplementary Material (Table S 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compiled the motorcycle emission factors from prior studies conducted in Taiwan for various model year motorcycles belonging to different emission certification levels in Taiwan. The emission factors were available for Phase-3, Phase-4 [25,26], Phase-5 [26][27][28], and Phase-7 motorcycles [22] from the literature and are summarized in the Supplementary Material (Table S4). Then, the emission factors for each pollutant obtained from the literature were averaged for different model year classes (Table S5).…”

Section: Estimation Of Emission Factors For Motorcyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on public bus occupancy and real-world tailpipe emissions of gaseous pollutants per passenger kilometer traveled

Dhital

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Sustain Environ Res

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Public buses typically have less emission per passenger kilometer traveled (PKT) than private cars and motorcycles, and the emission benefit of public buses increases with ridership. However, the drop in public bus usage during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic could lead to an increase in air pollutant emissions per PKT, making the emission benefits of public buses questionable. This study investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on public bus occupancy rates in Taichung City, Taiwan, and also compared real-world emissions per PKT of carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), nitric oxide (NO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) of a public bus before and during the pandemic. Mean bus occupancy rates were 11–25% on different bus routes before the pandemic, indicating that only a fourth or less of the bus passenger capacity was utilized. During the pandemic, mean bus occupancy rates dropped to 4–15%. Moreover, the public bus was less polluting based on CO and THC emissions than the car and motorcycle, even at the low passenger occupancy rates observed during the pandemic. However, NO and CO2 emissions per PKT of the bus were remarkably higher during the pandemic than those of the car and motorcycle. Furthermore, we estimated the break-even passenger occupancy rate for buses as 15%, which was the minimum threshold occupancy rate below which the buses would be more polluting than cars and motorcycles in terms of CO, THC, and CO2 emissions per PKT. Our findings will help transport management authorities and policymakers to optimize bus route designs and frequencies and implement anti-pandemic measures to maximize the environmental benefits of the public bus transit systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Emission Factors For Motorcyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on public bus occupancy and real-world tailpipe emissions of gaseous pollutants per passenger kilometer traveled

Dhital

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Sustain Environ Res

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…So, to improve the model's performance in these sites, it would be important to include other relevant sources that could differentiate cities. For instance, Yang et al (2021) estimated that uphill driving can significantly impact EF, with an estimated factor of approximately 12 compared to baseline or downhill driving. Due to the different topography of Barcelona compared to Madrid, introducing this could in the model could lead to further improvements in the performance of the model.…”

Section: Road Traffic Sector: Mopeds and Motorcyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the uncertainty of anthropogenic aromatic VOC emissions: evaluation and sensitivity analysis

Oliveira,

Guevara,

Jorba

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly impact air quality and atmospheric chemistry, influencing ozone formation and secondary organic aerosol production. Despite their importance, the uncertainties associated with representing VOCs in atmospheric emission inventories are considerable. This work presents a spatiotemporal assessment and evaluation of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) emissions and concentrations in Spain by combining bottom-up emissions, air quality modelling techniques and ground-based observations. The emissions produced by HERMESv3 were used as input to the MONARCH model to simulate surface concentrations across Spain. Comparing modelled and observed levels revealed uncertainty in the anthropogenic emissions, which were further explored through sensitivity tests. The largest levels of observed benzene and xylene were found in industrial sites near coke ovens, refineries and car manufacturing facilities, where the modelling results show large underestimations. Official emissions reported for these facilities were replaced by alternative estimates, allowing to heterogeneously improve the model's performance, highlighting that uncertainties representing industrial emission processes remain. For toluene, consistent overestimations in background stations were mainly related to uncertainties in the spatial disaggregation of emissions from industrial use solvent activities, mainly wood paint applications. Observed benzene levels in Barcelona's urban traffic areas were five times larger than the ones observed in Madrid. MONARCH failed to reproduce the observed gradient between the two cities due to uncertainties in estimating emissions from motorcycles and mopeds. Our results are constrained by the spatial and temporal coverage of available BTX observations, posing a key challenge in evaluating the spatial distribution of modelled levels and associated emissions.

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Volatile organic compounds in ambient air of a major Asian port: spatiotemporal variation and source apportionment

Le¹,

Lin

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Effects of road grade on real-world tailpipe emissions of regulated gaseous pollutants and volatile organic compounds for a Euro 5 motorcycle

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on public bus occupancy and real-world tailpipe emissions of gaseous pollutants per passenger kilometer traveled

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on public bus occupancy and real-world tailpipe emissions of gaseous pollutants per passenger kilometer traveled

On the uncertainty of anthropogenic aromatic VOC emissions: evaluation and sensitivity analysis

Volatile organic compounds in ambient air of a major Asian port: spatiotemporal variation and source apportionment

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