Effects of root exudates and pH on Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spore germination and infection of canola (Brassica napus L.) root hairs

Rashid, A.; Ahmed, Hammad; Xiao, Qiang; Hwang, Sheau‐Fang; Strelkov, Stephen E.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2012.11.025

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Root exudates stimulate germination of resting spores of P. brassicae (Rashid et al, 2013). Five-day-old rapeseed seedlings were transplanted individually onto a 50-ml beaker containing Hoagland's nutrient solution and incubated at 24 • C for 7 days.…”

Section: Germination Inhibition and Viability Assay Of Resting Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two New Biocontrol Agents Against Clubroot Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Zhu

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae can lead to serious yield losses in crucifers such as Brassica napus. In this study, 323 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of severely diseased B. napus in Dangyang county, Hubei province, China. Antagonistic strains were first identified based on dual culture inhibition zones with Fusarium oxysporum and Magnaporthe oryzae. These were then further screened in germination inhibition and viability assays of resting spores of P. brassicae. Finally, eight of the antagonistic strains were found to significantly reduce the disease severity of clubroot by more than 40% under greenhouse conditions, and two strains, F85 and T113, were found to have efficacy of more than 80%. Root hair infection experiments showed that F85 and T113 can inhibit early infection of root hairs, reduce the differentiation of primary plasmodia of P. brassicae, and inhibit formation of secondary zoosporangia. Based on sequence analysis of 16S rDNA gene, gyrA gene and 22 housekeeping genes as well as carbon source utilization analysis, the F85 was identified as Bacillus velezensis and T113 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Genome analysis, PCR and RT-PCR detection revealed that both F85 and T113 harbor various antibiotic biosynthesis gene clusters required to form peptides with antimicrobial activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. velezensis as a biocontrol agent against clubroot disease.

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Section: Germination Inhibition and Viability Assay Of Resting Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two New Biocontrol Agents Against Clubroot Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Zhu

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…brassicae is a disease typically associated with warm and wet soil 4 . Clubroot infection begins when resting spores germinate and motile zoospores swim through soil or water to the host roots; a process is thought to be stimulated by root exudates 12,13 . When resting spores are in soil, they have a half-life of approximately 4 years can remain viable for many years 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis reveals proteomic changes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) in response to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection

Lan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Clubroot disease is one of the major diseases affecting Brassica crops, especially Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp . pekinensis ), which is known to be highly susceptible to the disease. In this study, the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin was used to infect the roots of Chinese cabbage seedlings. The disease symptoms were noticeable at 28 and 35 days after inoculation (DAI) in the susceptible (CM) line. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, a total of 5,003 proteins of differential abundance were identified in the resistant/susceptible lines, which could be quantitated by dipeptide or polypeptide segments. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the susceptible (CM) and resistant (CCR) lines were associated with the glutathione transferase activity pathway, which could catalyze the combination of glutathione and other electrophilic compounds to protect plants from disease. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEPs may be significantly enriched cytokinin signaling or arginine biosynthesis pathways, both of which are responses to stimuli and are plant defense reactions. The cytokinins may facilitate cell division in the shoot, resulting in the hypertrophy and formation of galls and the presentation of typical clubroot symptoms. In this study, the proteomic results provide a new perspective for creating germplasm resistance to P . brassicae , as well as a genetic basis for breeding to improve Chinese cabbage.

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“…Therefore the plants clearly exerted a selective force modifying the plasmodiophorid community in rhizosphere/root samples. It is known that the exudates of certain roots trigger germination of resting spores of P. brassicae and then can serve as alternative hosts (Friberg et al, 2006 ; Rashid et al, 2013 ), and it is likely that root exudates stimulate the germination of other phytomyxid species in a similar way. Plasmodiophorid diversity was lower in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil, illustrated by significantly lower Fisher's alpha diversity indices, particularly with respect to core OTUs in both wheat and OSR rhizospheres (Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Rhizosphere Selection of Plasmodiophorid Lineages from Bulk Soil: The Importance of “Hidden” Diversity

et al. 2018

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Microbial communities closely associated with the rhizosphere can have strong positive and negative impacts on plant health and growth. We used a group-specific amplicon approach to investigate local scale drivers in the diversity and distribution of plasmodiophorids in rhizosphere/root and bulk soil samples from oilseed rape (OSR) and wheat agri-systems. Plasmodiophorids are plant- and stramenopile-associated protists including well known plant pathogens as well as symptomless endobiotic species. We detected 28 plasmodiophorid lineages (OTUs), many of them novel, and showed that plasmodiophorid communities were highly dissimilar and significantly divergent between wheat and OSR rhizospheres and between rhizosphere and bulk soil samples. Bulk soil communities were not significantly different between OSR and wheat systems. Wheat and OSR rhizospheres selected for different plasmodiophorid lineages. An OTU corresponding to Spongospora nasturtii was positively selected in the OSR rhizosphere, as were two genetically distinct OTUs. Two novel lineages related to Sorosphaerula veronicae were significantly associated with wheat rhizosphere samples, indicating unknown plant-protist relationships. We show that group-targeted eDNA approaches to microbial symbiont-host ecology reveal significant novel diversity and enable inference of differential activity and potential interactions between sequence types, as well as their presence.

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Effects of root exudates and pH on Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spore germination and infection of canola (Brassica napus L.) root hairs

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Two New Biocontrol Agents Against Clubroot Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Two New Biocontrol Agents Against Clubroot Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis reveals proteomic changes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) in response to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection

Plant Rhizosphere Selection of Plasmodiophorid Lineages from Bulk Soil: The Importance of “Hidden” Diversity

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