Effects of root zone temperature and paraquat in the induction of oxidative stress in Trichosanthes cucumerina L.

Abstract

We investigated the influence of root zone temperature (RZT) and the aerial application of paraquat on stress defence mechanisms of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. To achieve this objective, T. cucumerina cv Green was grown with roots at 25 and 30°C root zone temperature and maintained at 20 ± 1°C air temperature in a growth chamber. These RZT and air temperature had earlier been shown to favor growth and fruit production in T. cucumerina. Plants at each RZT were subjected to paraquat treatment (+P) and without paraquat treatment (-P). Paraquat (0.2 mmol/L) was applied as aerial spray. Results showed that the individual main effects of RZT and paraquat treatments significantly affected the chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange parameters, while the interaction of both treatments had no significant effect. Results showed that the total phenolics and ascorbic acid contents of T. cucumerina at 30°C were significantly higher than at 25°C. The T. cucumerina plants in +P treatment recorded significantly lower maximum photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ), net photosynthesis (A), transpiration rate (E), intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ) and stomatal conductance (g 1 ) compared to untreated plants. Also, plants raised at 30°C recorded significantly higher F v /F m, A, E, C i and g 1 compared to plants raised at 25°C. Plants that were sampled at 48 h after paraquat treatment recorded a higher degree of oxidative damage compared to those sampled at 24 h after treatment. We showed that the degree of damage suffered by T. cucumerina, when treated with paraquat either at 25 or 30°C RZT was similar at 48 h after treatment. We concluded that either at 25 or 30°C, exposure of T. cucumerina to paraquat would impose the same degree of oxidative damage.