Effects of Rootstock and Length of Interstem on Growth of One-Year-Old Apple Plants in Sand Culture1

Lockard, R. G.; Lasheen, A. M.

doi:10.21273/jashs.96.1.17

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…After 7 growing seasons, interstem trees of 'Oregon Spur Red Delicious' are smaller and less productive than similar trees of 'Em- pire', 'Macspur', and 'Rogers McIntosh'. This is contrary to results which demonstrated that 'Delicious' interstock with 18-cm stempieces of M 9 grew significantly more than did other combinations (5). It appears that because of the upright branching nature and small leaf surface, the spur-type 'Delicious' strain is slow to develop.…”

contrasting

confidence: 74%

Influences of Planting Depth on Growth, Root Suckering, and Yield on Interstem Apple Trees

Costante

Lord

Howard

et al. 1983

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A 7-year trial with ‘Empire’, ‘Rogers McIntosh’, ‘Macspur’, and ‘Oregon Spur Red Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) with a Mailing (M) 9 stempiece on Mailing Merton (MM) 106 or MM 111 rootstocks showed that planting depth influenced trunk cross-sectional area, number of root suckers, and yield. More root suckers and smaller trunk circumferences were found with trees whose stempieces were aboveground. Growth and yield was influenced more by the rootstock and/or cultivar than by planting depth. ‘Delicious’ trees were the smallest and least productive. Suckering seemed to be related to less growth and yield.

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contrasting

confidence: 74%

Influences of Planting Depth on Growth, Root Suckering, and Yield on Interstem Apple Trees

Costante

Lord

Howard

et al. 1983

horts

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“…Sixty plants were harvested each year, so 240 plants were harvested over the 4 years. An analysis o f covariance on the first year's data (7) showed that the initial wt of the plant parts had no significant effect on treatments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It may also be related to the presence of ample nutrients in the medium. It has been reported that 32p and 45ca were translocated to the scion more slowly from dwarfing rootstocks (3) and that trees with dwarf interstocks accumulated leaf N more slowly than trees with their own stems (7). Optimum levels of nutrients in the root medium may have resulted in an increased uptake and translocation which decreased dwarfing.…”

Section: Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Rootstocks and Length and Type of Interstock on Growth of Apple trees in Sand Culture1

Lockard

1974

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Comparisons were made of the fresh weights of trees on apple rootstocks MM 111, MM 106 and M.9 and of the weights of trees with interstocks of ‘Red Delicious’ (RD), MM 106 and M.9 of 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 or 18 cm lengths on MM 111 rootstocks. All scions were RD and the experiment covered the 1969-1972 growing seasons. Weight of all plant parts increased over the 4 years but the percentage of leaves and new growth decreased from 1970 to 1972, whereas the increase in scion and interstock weight tended to be a greater percentage of total plant weight increase (TPI) each year. Treatments MM 106 and M.9 rootstocks and M.9 interstock dwarfted the trees 37, 40, and 40 percent, respectively. M.9 rootstock and interstock and MM 106 interstock increased in weight proportionately more than comparable parts on the least dwarfing graft combinations. M.9 interstock also induced a proportionately larger root system than the other 2 interstocks. The faster growth rate of plants on MM 111 rootstock resulted from more rapid growth of woody tissues; leaf weights were similar. Plants with an RD or MM 106 interstock showed numerous variations in growth over the 4 years, but those with an M.9 interstock were uniform in growth habit. Plants with a 12.5 cm interstock weighed the least of all 3 interstock types. A comparison of weight of plants with a 2.5 or 7.5 cm interstock with those with a 12.5 or 18 cm interstock showed a reduction in growth due to the longer interstems only on plants with an M.9 interstock.

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“…The Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to test significance. For more details on the above mentioned work and for growing procedure and harvest the reader is referred to a previous report by the authors (10). After 1 season's growth in the greenhouse, the entire root system of each treatment was weighed and frozen immediately at -20°C, lyophilized, and ground to pass a 60-mesh sieve, for analyses of protein and free amino acids according to the procedures reported by Lasheen (9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dwarfing Rootstocks and Interstems on the Free Amino Acid and Protein Levels in Apple Roots1

Lasheen

Lockard

1972

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The levels of total free amino acids, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine and protein were determined in the roots of apple plants grafted with (a) rootstocks of MM 111, MM 106 or EM IX or (b) rootstock MM 111 plus interstems 1, 3, 5, or 7 inches long of ‘Red Delicious’ (RD), MM 106 or EM IX; all scions were RD. The levels of free amino acids and protein in the rootstocks were not related to their dwarfing effect. The level of free amino acids was very low in MM 106. The levels of free amino acids in the roots of plants with MM 106 interstem increased as the interstem was increased in length. Plants with EM IX interstem had high and nearly equal levels of free amino acids in the roots when the interstem was 3, 5, or 7 inches long, but there was a much lower level in the roots of plants with a 1-inch interstem. The levels of protein in the roots of plants with MM 106 or EM IX interstem showed smaller differences but followed the same pattern as that of free amino acids. Among control plants free amino acids and protein were lower in roots of plants with 2 grafts than in those with 1 graft, and free amino acids were lower in the roots of those with 5- and 7-inch interstems than in those with 1- and 3-inch interstems. The levels of individual amino acids were variable, but the levels of aspartic acid and serine followed a pattern similar to that of total free amino acids.

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Effects of Rootstock and Length of Interstem on Growth of One-Year-Old Apple Plants in Sand Culture1

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Influences of Planting Depth on Growth, Root Suckering, and Yield on Interstem Apple Trees

Influences of Planting Depth on Growth, Root Suckering, and Yield on Interstem Apple Trees

Effects of Rootstocks and Length and Type of Interstock on Growth of Apple trees in Sand Culture1

Effects of Dwarfing Rootstocks and Interstems on the Free Amino Acid and Protein Levels in Apple Roots1

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