Effects of rotation and Bacillus on the changes of continuous cropping soil fungal communities in American ginseng

Abstract

The continuous cropping obstacle is the main factor in leading to difficulty in American ginseng replanting. The dormant microbiota in the soil may be the cause of American ginseng disease and eventually caused continuous cropping obstacles, but there are few studies on the dynamic changes of soil microenvironment after American ginseng planting. In this study, we tracked short-term variation in physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and fungal communities over time-series in soils with continuous cropping obstacle under crop rotation and probiotic Bacillus treatments. Furthermore, we examined the relationships between the important fungal compositions and the soil properties. The results showed that sucrase, cellulase, urease and acid phosphatase activities were significantly increased, while catalase and dehydrogenase were decreased with treatments time. Rotation treatment significantly affected the diversity, dissimilarity degree and species distribution of soil fungal community with continuous cropping obstacle over a short-term. Moreover, beneficial fungal biomarkers such as Cladorrhinum, Oidiodendron, and Mariannaea were accumulated at 48 h under rotation treatments. Almost all fungal biomarkers were negatively correlated with hydrolases and positively correlated with oxidoreductases and acid phosphatase under crop rotation treatments. This study suggested that compared to probiotic Bacillus, crop rotation can significantly affect soil fungal community structure, especially the enrichment of specific potentially beneficial fungal species. Our findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the dynamic changes of fungal communities and soil properties with continuous cropping obstacle of American ginseng in initial stage of soil improvement.

Biochar Loaded with a Bacterial Strain N33 Facilitates Pecan Seedling Growth and Shapes Rhizosphere Microbial Community

“…At the phylum level of fungi, the fungal community structure was simplified after BM treatment, indicating that BM treatment possibly renders broad-spectrum disease resistance as plenty of fungi species are opportunistic phytopathogens. Similar research has indicated that the use of bacterial suspensions caused improvements in soil properties and nutrients, thereby decreasing the fungal community diversity [42]. This result was in agreement with our study.…”

Exploring the allelopathic autotoxicity mechanism of ginsenosides accumulation under ginseng decomposition based on integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics

“…The reason for continuous cropping obstacles in ginseng is very complex. The changes in microbial communities and physicochemical properties of soil, the autotoxicity of allelochemicals, and the interactions of factors could cause continuous cropping obstacles ( Liu et al, 2021 ; Chen et al, 2023a ; Jia et al, 2023 ). The allelopathic autotoxicity refers to the inhibition of growth and development of the same plant species by allelochemicals.…”