“…Similar results were observed in other Ni-Mn-based and FePd FSMAs [23,27,45]. Therefore, an increase in WS increases T m , which agrees with the results in Ni-Fe-Ga and Ni-Fe-Al alloys [46,47]. Furthermore, the larger grain size associated with the relaxation of elastic strain energy arisen from the increased WS should be responsible for the reduction in T hys similar to the effect of annealing [24,27].…”