Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rates on Seed Yield in Red Clover, Alsike Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil

Pankiw, P.; Bonin, Sophie; Lieverse, J. A. C.

doi:10.4141/cjps77-060

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While only five papers correlated the seed set with the bee visitation (i.e., Forster and Hadfield 1958;Free 1965;Palmer-Jones et al 1966;Clifford and Scott 1989;Lundin et al 2013). None of Battle (1949), Free (1965), Pankiw et al (1977), Puri and Laidlaw (1983), Puri and Laidlaw (1984), Leduc (1990), Rao and Stephen (2009) Seed number per pod of the floret Seed Seeds per pod Dijkstra (1969) and Richards (2016) Seeds per floret Oliva et al (1994) Seed number per flower head Seed Seed set Hawkins (1961), Clifford and Scott (1989) and Gillespie et al (2015) Seed yield per flower head g Fertility Meglic and Smith (1992) the studies measured the stigmatic pollen deposition in red clover, indicating limited information at the floret level. Due to the generally poor information level of pollination in the studies we surveyed, more research and specific evidence are needed to clarify the role of pollination on seed yield in red clover.…”

Section: Pollination Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of seed yield components and pollination conditions in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production

2021

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Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in many of the temperate regions around the world. In order to evaluate possible causes for the low seed yield in particular in tetraploid red clover, we surveyed 71 studies of red clover seed production published from 1948 to 2019, reviewing seed yield components, pollination and reproductive traits. Seed yield components are recorded to contribute to and improve our understanding of the complex processes leading to the red clover seed yield. However, the measurement approaches varied largely among the studies, depending on whether the seed yield components are directly measured or calculated. Red clover seed production is dependent on insect pollen transfer. However, much uncertainty of pollination and reproductive success remains. Pollination conditions were often neglected: one third of the papers did not mention pollination conditions. The information that connects pollination and seed set are lacking, very few studies measured traits in floral morphology, ovule fertilisation and seed maturation. We suggest that consistent and comprehensive evaluation of pollination and reproductive success are required to improve our understanding of reasons for the low seed yield in red clover and hence the possibilities for future improvement.

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Section: Pollination Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of seed yield components and pollination conditions in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production

2021

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“…As for the influence of seed yield components on seed yield, there seemed to be consistency between snow clover and red clover. In the latter, the total number of floral heads was reported to affect seed yield (Pankiw et al 1977;Montardo et al 2003) and it was suggested as a useful character for the yield improvement (Herrmann et al 2006), while both the number of stems per plant and the number of seeds per head were correlated with seed yield (Nasab and Jafari 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in morphology and seed production of snow clover [Trifolium pratense L. subsp. nivale (Koch) Arcang.] germplasm from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy

Pecetti

Romani

Rosa

et al. 2007

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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A recent approach to restoration of degraded mountain landscapes (e.g. ski slopes) recommend to sow seed mixtures including 'sitespecific' species, i.e. native germplasm adapted to the prevailing conditions and ecologically compatible with the area of intervention. To better exploit the potential of these species and enhance their spread in revegetation projects, deeper knowledge is needed, however, on the existing variation in their germplasm, particularly for economically useful traits such as seed yield. Snow clover is one of the recommended 'site-specific' legumes. This study evaluated 12 populations of snow clover, collected in three valleys of the Rhaetian Alps, Italy, to assess their variation and highlight any promising material. The evaluation encompassed a mountain and a lowland site, to verify the behaviour of the germplasm also in one environment markedly different from that of origin. Differences among valleys were observed for flower colour, growth habit and type, flowering time and susceptibility to mildew, although the overall pattern of phenotypic diversity was similar among valleys. Some effect of the evaluation site on the expression of morphological and seed production traits, and on the overall diversity, was also evident. Furthermore, the lowland site experienced very high plant mortality towards the end of the first growing season. Individual populations proved a valuable source of variation for seed production. Some populations, in particular, were worth of attention for a possible selection of high-seed-yielding snow clover cultivars. An assessment of the mating system suggested a lack of self-tripping or an almost absolute self-incompatibility in snow clover.

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“…Very wide ranges of seeding rates are reported for red clover in literature but they are generally lower than those recommended here. Most frequent recommendations are between 2.0-4.5 kg ha -1 (Pankiw et al, 1977;Bowley et al, 1985;Bouet, Sicard, 1998;Huebner, 2016). Nevertheless, in real practices, the seed crops are usually sown at higher rates of 6-13 kg ha -1 to ensure establishment of crop stand (Rinker, Rampton, 1985;Huebner, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraploidinių raudonųjų dobilų sėklų derlius priklausomai nuo antsėlio auginimo agrotechnikos

Bender

Tamm

2018

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Please use the following format when citing the article: Bender A., Tamm S. 2018. Seed yield of tetraploid red clover as influenced by cover crop management. AbstractRed clover for seed production is generally sown under cover crops. The warming climate raises a hypothesis that six-row barley cultivars might be replaced by intermediate cultivars of two-row barley as cover crops for establishing red clover seed production stands. The cover crop spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Maali' was sown with four different cover crop treatments: 1) seeding rate 333 viable seeds per m², fertilisation rate 60 kg ha -1 N; 2) seeding rate 500 viable seeds per m², fertilisation rate 60 kg ha -1 N; 3) seeding rate 500 viable seeds per m², fertilisation rate 90 kg ha -1 N; 4) seeding rate 333 viable seeds per m², fertilisation rate 90 kg ha -1 N. The tetraploid red clover cultivars 'Varte' (early) and 'Ilte' (late) were sown at the rates of 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg ha -1 in four replicates using a randomised complete plot design. The height and density of generative tillers of barley, the grain yield and quality, the number of red clover plants per m² were measured in the sowing year. The seed yield and quality of red clover in the first harvest year were determined. Economic calculations were based on the prices valid in 2013-2014. The nitrogen rate and seeding rate had a significant effect on elongation of generative tillers, as well as increasing plant density, grain yield and protein content. Increased seed rate of the cover crop (500 viable seeds m²) and higher fertilization rate (90 kg ha -1 N) decreased red clover seed yield to 10 %. Increasing of only the seed rate of a cover crop, resulted in up to 4 % reduction in the red clover yield. The higher nitrogen rate (90 kg ha -1 N), when barely was sown at a rate of 500 viable seeds m² and at 300 viable seeds m², resulted in up to 5 % reduction in red clover seed yield. The study showed that it is practical to establish a seed production stand of red clover using a seeding rate of 4-6 kg ha -1 . It can be concluded that two-row barley cultivars are also recommendable cover crops besides the currently used six-row barley cultivars. Economic analysis indicated that it is practical to reduce both the seeding rate of the cover crop and nitrogen rate by one third.

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Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rates on Seed Yield in Red Clover, Alsike Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil

Abstract: Peuxrw, P., BoNtN, S. G. rNo Lrsvnnsp

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Review of seed yield components and pollination conditions in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production

Review of seed yield components and pollination conditions in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production

Variation in morphology and seed production of snow clover [Trifolium pratense L. subsp. nivale (Koch) Arcang.] germplasm from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy

Tetraploidinių raudonųjų dobilų sėklų derlius priklausomai nuo antsėlio auginimo agrotechnikos

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