Effects of Rubus coreanus-Cheonggukjang on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in Growing Rats

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the bone-conserving effects of Rubus coreanus-Cheonggukjang (RC-CGJ) supplemented with more intensified phytochemicals compared to general Cheonggukjang (CGJ) in growing rats. Eighteen rats were divided into 3 treatment groups (Control, CGJ, and RC-CGJ) and were given experimental diets for 9 weeks. All of the rats in this study were fed a AIN-93G-based diet. Both CGJ groups were fed with 33.1% CGJ and RC-CGJ powder, respectively. The results of this study indicate that weight gain, mean food intake, and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different by the experimental diets among all groups. Spine bone mineral density (BMD) and femur BMD were not significantly different by the experimental diets. Spine bone mineral content (BMC) was significantly higher in the RC-CGJ and CGJ groups than in the control group, regardless of CGJ type. The femur BMC of the CGJ supplemented group was significantly higher compared with the control group and the RC-CGJ group. Compared with the control group, spine BMD and femur BMD per weight were markedly increased in the RC-CGJ and CGJ group regardless of CGJ type. Also, spine BMC per weight was significantly higher in the RC-CGJ group than in the CGJ group. However, femur BMC per weight was significantly higher in the CGJ group than in the RC-CGJ group. It can be concluded that RC-CGJ and CGJ supplemented diets have more beneficial effects on spine and femur peak bone mass in growing rats.

Dihydrodaidzein and 6‐hydroxydaidzein mediate the fermentation‐induced increase of antiosteoporotic effect of soybeans in ovariectomized mice

“…The recent Yokogoshi cohort study reported that higher natto intake was significantly associated with higher BMD among elderly Japanese people and that its high isoflavone content may contribute to this effect (35). Several studies reported that cheonggukjang ameliorates bone loss and improves BMD (12,36,37). However, no study has compared the protective effects of non-FSs and cheonggukjang on OVX-related bone loss, and sufficient evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effect of fermentation on the anti-osteoporotic effect of soybeans (except for the increased isoflavone content) was unavailable.…”

Current Perspectives on the Physiological Activities of Fermented Soybean-Derived Cheonggukjang

“…The results of studies using SD rats [ 147 , 148 , 149 ], C57BL/6J mice [ 150 ], senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 [ 35 , 40 ], SD rats [ 35 , 147 ], OVX mice [ 151 ], and MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 (CRL-2593) cells [ 36 , 152 ] suggest that CGJ helps increase bone mineral content and growth hormone secretion, and facilitates growth by activating various metabolites, including vitamin K, isoflavones, flavonoids, and phenolics, and by regulating signaling pathways, such as the inactivation of NF-κB and dephosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Additionally, the administration of CGJ in hysterectomized C57BL/6 mice and SD rats was shown to enhance bone health and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis ( Table 8 ).…”